New England Colonies Ch' 3 Notes

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New England Colonies (Ch. 3 Notes)

• By M. Siebert

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The Mayflower
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Pilgrims?
vs.
Puritans?
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William Bradford
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The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620
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Covenant Theology

• Covenant of Grace
• between Puritan communities and God.
• Social Covenant
• Between members of Puritan communities with each
  other.
• Required mutual watchfulness.
• No toleration of deviance or disorder.
• No privacy.

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John Winthrop
We shall be as a city on a hill. The eyes of all
people are upon us.
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Colonizing New England
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Characteristics of New England Settlements

• Low mortality ? average life expectancy was 70
  years of age.
• Many extended families.
• Average 6 children per family.
• Average age at marriage
• Women 22 years old
• Men 27 years old.

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Land Division inSudbury, MA 1639-1656
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Puritan Rebels
Anne Hutchinson
Roger Williams

• Threatened patriarchal control.
• Antinomialism direct revelation

• Religious toleration.
• Separation of church and state.

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Southern New EnglandIndian Tribes, 1636
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A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637
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Population of the New England Colonies
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Population ComparisonsNew England v. the
Chesapeake
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New England Colonies, 1650
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The Dutch

• Had prosperous Dutch East India Company had
  commercial posts throughout the East, where trade
  flourished
• Developed Dutch West India Company several
  enterprises in the Caribbean
• While in search of a route through North America
  found a new port on the Hudson River

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The Dutch Cont

• The Dutch West India Company then settled an
  outpost on the Hudson River (1623 1624)
• The new outpost was referred to as New
  Netherlands
• New Netherlands was used for fur trade
• It became a company town to make money
• Horrible to the Nat. Am., which led to the
  gruesome Indian attacks (wall street)
• Charles II granted a charter to the region where
  the Dutch settled to the Duke of York

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Settling the Middle or Restoration Colonies
GOALS ? profit and individual betterment.
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New Netherlands New Sweden

• Founded in the 1660s by
• Friends of British King Charles II.
• Land speculators.
• Middle class farmers craftsmen.

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More Like Later America Than Other Regions!

• Economic diversity.
• Large cities ? more cosmopolitan culture.
• Some slavery 6-12 of the population.
• Ethnic and religious diversity.
• Religious toleration.
• Bread Colonies.

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New York Harbor, 1639
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New Amsterdam
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Peter Stuyvesant
Governor of New Amsterdam
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William Penn
The Holy Experiment
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Royal Land Grant to Penn
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Urban Population Growth1650 - 1775
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Ethnic Groups
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Crops of the Carolinas
Rice
Indigo
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Rice Indigo Exportsfrom SC GA 1698-1775
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Founder of Georgia
A buffer zone between Britains North American
colonies Spanish Florida.
JamesOglethorpe
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Iroquois Lands European Trade Centers
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King Philips War,1675 1676)
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Review of English Laws/Regulations on Colonies

• Connecticut given sea-to-sea charter grant (1662)
• Rhode Island also received a charter
• Massachusetts Bay Colony had charter revoked
• Dominion of New England was put in place in 1686,
  headed by Sir Edmond Andros (crushed by the
  Glorious Revolution in 1688)
• Navigation Acts

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Mercantilism

• Term coined by Adam Smith
• A nation could increase its wealth and power 2
  ways
• Favorable balance of trade
• Nation become self-sufficient so that it did not
  have to depend on other countries for goods

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Navigation Acts (1660)

• No country could trade with the colonies unless
  the goods were shipped in either colonial or
  English Ships
• All vessels had to be manned by crews that were
  _at_least 75 English or colonial English
• The colonies could export certain products,
  including tobacco and sugar p and later rice,
  molasses, and furs only to England
• Almost all goods traded between the colonies and
  Europe first had to be unloaded at an English
  Port. This gave jobs to English dockworkers and
  money to the English treasury in the form of
  import taxes on the goods. It prohibited
  European rivals (the Dutch) from obtaining goods
  anywhere except England.
• Most important piece of imperial legislation
  drafted before the American Revolution
• Attempted to eliminate Dutch as the
  intermediaries of American Commerce

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Navigation Acts Continued

• Pros
• Spurred a boom in colonial shipbuilding industry
• B/c England wanted as many materials as possible
  from the colonies, the English helped support the
  development of numerous colonial industries
• Cons
• Number of colonists resented trade restrictions
• Some colonists smuggled or traded goods illegally
• Small planters hit hard b/c unable to absorb
  increased production costs (import taxes)
• For a while colonists found ways around the
  Navigation Acts, but in 1673 the loophole was
  plugged. This greatly deterred smuggling and
  most people started following the act.