Child Development

1
Child Development

• Picture Portfolio
• Tracy Kirk

2
Preschool Physical
This boy has fallen asleep with his toy.
Preschoolers need frequent rest periods.
Preschool and kindergarten childrens gross motor
skills are more developed than their fine motor
skills.
These young children enjoy the gross motor
activity and are able to manipulate the parachute.
Preschool children need large-sized tools.
3
Preschool Social
This boy is engaged in solitary play, one of six
types of play preschoolers and kindergarteners
engage in.
This preschooler is engaging in onlooker
behavior--watching others play without joining in.
These two preschoolers are engaging in parallel
play. They are playing near each other but not
together.
These two preschoolers have used their toys
cooperatively.
4
Preschool Cognitive
Nanny Deb, from the show Nanny 911, teaches
authoritative discipline techniques to struggling
parents whose discipline techniques are too
authoritarian, too permissive, or neglectful.
This father is modeling competence for his
children. He appears to be an authoritative
parent.
These parents also appear to be authoritative,
since they are guiding their children and
modeling competence and appropriate behavior.
Charles Taylor, ousted dictator of Liberia,
modeled authoritarian parenting for his nation
when he publicly caned his daughter at her school.
5
Preschool Cognitive
Pippi Longstocking survives by spending the gold
coins left with her by her pirate father. He is a
rejecting/neglecting parent.
These permissive parents are not setting limits
or demanding appropriate manners from their
children.
6
Preschool Emotional
Preschoolers express their emotions through
outbursts.
School officials could not handle this Florida
kindergartener's angry tantrum, so they called
police, who handcuffed her.
Preschoolers also display affection openly and
spontaneously.
Jealousy is common with preschoolers.
7
Primary Physical
Primary grade children are very active.
Primary-age children have difficulty sitting
still and release energy in a variety of ways.
Primary children develop physical confidence.
Primary-aged children's gross motor control is
superior to their fine motor control.
8
Primary Social
Children in primary grades usually have a best
friend.
Quarreling and pushing are common in primary
grades.
9
Primary Cognitive
These primary students are alternating periods of
sitting and studying with weight lifting
(Heavyhands") breaks.
Primary students are eager to raise their hands,
even if their answers are incorrect.
Primary children focus on rules and interpret
them literally..
10
Primary Emotional
Primary students respond to positive feedback and
affection.
Primary-grade children respond to frequent
positive reinforcement.
Primary students are eager to please teachers and
like to help.
11
Elementary Physical
Elementary-aged children develop strength and
muscle and begin to look long and lean.
Elementary-aged children are capable of
substantial work or exercise involving strength
and balance.
Elementary girls are generally taller than
elementary boys.
Elementary students are capable of tasks
involving strength and coordination.
12
Elementary Physical
Elementary children's weight problems may lead to
social distancing. The population of overweight
elementary girls is significant enough for
JCPenney to offer a line of Girls Plus clothing.
13
Elementary Social
Elementary children socialize by participating in
shared activities and interests, usually choosing
friends of the same age and gender.
This elementary peer group is formed around a
common interest.
Elementary students may disclude others from
their peer groups. The desire for acceptance can
lead to negative behaviors.
Peer influence begins to be more important than
parental influence during the elementary years.
Children learn the rules of socializing outside
the family.
14
Elementary Cognitive
These students are classifying organisms.
Elementary-aged children can understand the
process of classification, but have not attained
the ability to think abstractly.
This student is reciting a poem for a dignitary.
Elementary grade students memorization skills
are comparable to adults.
Elementary students have not yet developed the
ability to organize tasks.
15
Elementary Emotional
Elementary students can develop a negative
self-image. Self-esteem involves self-judgment
and the influence of parents, teachers, and
friends.
Dysfunctional family relationships, school
failure, or social rejection may lead to a self
image cast in terms of delinquent behavior.  
16
Middle School Physical
Middle school females may appear older and more
mature than males of the same age. Females
growth spurt begins earlier than males.
Late-maturing girls appearance reflects the
feminine stereotype of a thin, leggy look. They
are likely to be popular and to be seen by peers
as expressive, sociable, and attractive.
Most children reach puberty during the middle
school-age years. This girl is participating in
her puberty ritual.
Middle-school growth occurs in spurts. The boy on
the left has already begun his fast growth spurt,
while the other two boys have not.
17
Middle School Social
Conformity reaches its peak during the middle
school years.
Middle school children may think, dress, and act
like their peers.
Informal discussions, such as this conversation
on dispute resolution, help middle schoolers to
become more sensitive to others' feelings.
18
Middle School Cognitive
This student displays his science fair project. A
science fair is an example of an activity that
promotes autonomy and intellectual stimulation.
This middle schooler shows self-efficacious
behavior by practicing on her own, indicating
that she has received training that encourages
persistence and corrective feedback.
These students are working well together. The
environment in the middle school classroom should
emphasize support and de-emphasize competition.
19
Middle School Emotional
Some adolescents experience a period of storm and
stress. These children appear depressed, or
perhaps they are experiencing a temporary mood
swing.
This poem, called "Worthless," expresses a middle
schooler's confusion, low self confidence, and
anxiety.
Middle school females are strongly affected by
interpersonal relationships.
20
High School Physical
Virtually all children have reached puberty by
the end of high school, so, as is to be expected,
most students engage in sexual activity.
Many girls become pregnant during adolescence,
although the number of students who have children
is declining.
Sex education is necessary for adolescents in
order for them to understand healthy
relationships, and it helps prevent
sexually-transmitted diseases and teen pregnancy.
Height and weight and maturation rates vary
widely in high school. Early-maturing boys are
likely to be chosen as leaders and to have high
self esteem.
21
High School Social
High school friendships influence appearance,
dating, and eating habits.
High school males are more competitive than
females.
Most adolescents are employed in part-time jobs,
like these students on a detasseling crew.
Parents influence decisions and future plans more
than peers. The influence of authoritative
parents is greater than that of authoritarian
parents.
22
High School Cognitive
These high school students are working together
to solve an engineering problem. High school
students are increasingly capable of engaging in
formal thought.
High schoolers are able to understand
abstractions involved in political thought. They
may choose to take political action.
23
High School Emotional
High school females experience more jealousy and
conflict in their peer relationships than males.
Schizophrenia, while relatively rare, is the most
common psychotic disorder, and the number of
cases diagnosed in adolescents is steadily
increasing.
High school students may experience anxiety about
their future.