EUEUEUEU UEUEUEUE EUEUEUEU UEUEUEUE

1
EUEUEUEUUEUEUEUEEUEUEUEUUEUEUEUE
2
Challenges and Opportunities of theE.U.
Enlargement

• Dr. Erik Prout Dec. 3, 2005

3
What is Europe?
4
1. Background European Characteristics Historica
l Dimension2. The Enlargement Who / When /
Where Challenge Opportunity

• OUTLINE

5
Characteristics of Europe

• Stabilized Population
• Urbanized
• Industrialized
• Well Educated
• Healthy
• Wealthy
• Transportation
• Freely Elected Governments
• Continuous Settlement

6
Small Geographies in Europe

• FRAGMENTATION
• Small political units
• Regionalization
• Micro-cultures
• COMPARTMENTALIZATION
• Local names for physical features
• Micro-ecologies

7
(No Transcript)
8
European UnityIdealism or Realism?
9
European Unity

• Ideological considerations
• Dominant idea that would focus or shape the
  future
• Reaction to World War II
• Institutional considerations
• Modern bureaucracies governance
• Cross-cultural dimension (language)

10
European Unity

• TWO COMPETING IDEAS
• Supra-national
• Governing Institutions that bind Nation-States
  into cooperative decisions and actions.
• EC (Schuman Declaration / Franco-German)
• Inter-governmental
• States cooperate without sacrificing sovereignty
  (non-binding)
• COE (Churchill)

11
6s 7s
Inner 6 Supranational Outer 7 Inter-Govt
Erik Prout
12
Modern Europe

• European Union
• Economic ( Political) alliance
• NATO
• Politico-Military alliance
• Global
• United Nations,
• GATT, IMF, World Bank,
• Kyoto Rio, etc.

13
Supranational (E.U.)

• Economic Integration
• 1. Free Trade Area
• 2. Customs Union
• 3. Common Market
• 4. Economic Union

14
E.U. Original Six

• EC (Treaties of Rome, 1956)
• Germany
• France
• Italy
• Belgium
• Netherlands
• Luxembourg

15
E.U. Enlargement

• 1973 (first enlargement)
• United Kingdom
• Denmark
• Ireland
• 9 total members

16
E.U. Enlargement

• 1980 Enlargements (second third)
• NATO / Southern flank
• Greece 1981
• Spain 1986
• Portugal 1986
• 12 total members

17
E.U. Enlargement

• 1995 (fourth enlargement)
• Post Cold War (neutrals)
• Austria
• Finland
• Sweden
• 15 total members

18
(No Transcript)
19
E.U. Enlargement

• 2004 (fifth largest enlargement)
• Estonia
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Poland
• Czechia
• 25 Total members

• Slovakia
• Hungary
• Slovenia
• Cypress
• Malta

20
ENLARGEMENT
25 members -- May 1, 2004
21
May 1, 2004 Celebrations
22
New E.U. Balance

• Shift Eastward in issues
• New Members
• Receive more of the Economic/Social Assistance.
• Symbolically part of Europe
• Old Members
• Assistance receivers loose
• Assistance givers balking

23
Future Enlargements

• 2007 scheduled to be 27 members
• Romania
• Bulgaria
• Indefinite
• Turkey
• Likely Applicants
• Croatia

24
3 Candidates
25
E.U. Issues

• Institutions
• New Members new languages
• New voting weights (decision-making)
• Legitimacy (citizens)
• Democratic Deficit
• Relationships with others
• NATO U.S.
• Middle East East Asia

26
E.U. Issues

• True Integration of New members
• Euro (fiscal monetary policy)
• Borderless movement
• Subsidy policies (esp. Agriculture)
• European Identity
• Pan-European versus National Local

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)