The North Atlantic

1
The North Atlantic Carbon sources and sinks
Ute Schuster School of Environmental
Sciences University of East Anglia UK
Photo Maciej Telszewski Ute Schuster
2
On behalf of

• Truls Johannesen, Are Olsen, Abdiraman Omar
• Arne Körtzinger, Tobias Steinhoff, Doug Wallace
• Ute Schuster, Andy Watson, Dorothee Bakker,
  Maciej Telszewski
• Jon Olafsson
• Antoine Corbière, Nicolas Metzl, Nathalie
  Lefèvre, Aymeric Chazottes, Cyril Moulin
• Aida Ríos, Fiz Pérez, Martina Álvarez
• Melchor González-Dávila, Magdalena
  Santana-Casiano
• Nick Bates
• Heike Lüger, Rik Wanninkhof, Dennis Pierrot,
  Richard Feely, Robert Castle, Betty Husss, Kevin
  Sullivan
• and many others

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Anthropogenic carbon in the oceans in 1994
from Sabine et al (2004) Science 305 367 - 371
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Air-sea flux climatology for 2000
0
5
9
-5
-9
mol m -2 year -1
from Takahashi et al (2007) in preparation
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The North Atlantic observing system
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ESTOC
From 1995 sea surface pCO2 1.66
µatm/year atmospheric xCO2 1.58 ppm/year
Data courtesy Magdalena Santana-Casiano and
Melchor González-Dávila (Santana-Casiano et al.
(2007), GBC)
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BATS
From 1990 sea surface pCO2 1.81
µatm/year atmospheric xCO2 1.58 ppm/year
Data courtesy Nick Bates (Bates (2007), in press)
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Explorer of the Seas
From 2002 sea surface fCO2 1.66
µatm/year atmospheric xCO2 1.58 ppm/year
Data courtesy Rik Wanninkhof (Wanninkhof et al.
(2007), in press)
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Prince of Seas and Santa Lucia / Santa Maria
From 1994/1995 and since 2002 sea surface pCO2
1.68 µatm/year atmospheric xCO2 1.58 ppm/year
Data by Ute Schuster and Andrew Watson (Schuster
and Watson (2007), in review)
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Prince of Seas and Santa Lucia / Santa Maria
From 1994/1995 and since 2002 sea surface pCO2
3.00 µatm/year atmospheric xCO2 1.58 ppm/year
Data by Ute Schuster and Andrew Watson (Schuster
and Watson (2007), in review)
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Suratlant project
From 1993 sea surface pCO2 3.76
µatm/year atmospheric xCO2 1.58 ppm/year
Data courtesy Antoine Corbière and Nicolas Metzl
(Corbière et al. (2007) in press)
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Towards drawing it all together for flux estimates

• The 2004 to 2006 data set
• contains over 680 000 data points
• from June 2004 to October 2006

Sea surface pCO2 maps by Neural
network Multilinear regression (MLR)
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Sea surface pCO2 maps µatm by neural network
Neural network maps by Aymeric Chazottes, Maciek
Telszewski, Cyril Moulin
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Sea surface pCO2 maps µatm by MLR
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Air-sea flux estimate for 2005
North Atlantic, from 10 to 66 north, 75 west to
10 east, using the 2005 data set, give by
neural network 0.36 Gt year-1 by MLR 0.33 Gt
year-1 WITHIN 10
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Air-sea flux estimate for 2005
North Atlantic, from 10 to 66 north, 75 west to
10 east, using the 2005 data set, give by
neural network 0.36 Gt year-1 by MLR 0.33 Gt
year-1 WITHIN 10 In comparison,
recalculation in the same way gives for the
1995 climatology 0.47 Gt year-1
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Thanks to

• Truls Johannesen, Are Olsen, Abdiraman Omar
• Arne Körtzinger, Tobias Steinhoff, Doug Wallace
• Ute Schuster, Andy Watson, Dorothee Bakker,
  Maciej Telszewski
• Jon Olafsson
• Antoine Corbière, Nicolas Metzl, Nathalie
  Lefèvre, Aymeric Chazottes, Cyril Moulin
• Aida Ríos, Fiz Pérez, Martina Álvarez
• Melchor González-Dávila, Magdalena
  Santana-Casiano
• Nick Bates
• Heike Lüger, Rik Wanninkhof, Dennis Pierrot,
  Richard Feely, Robert Castle, Betty Husss, Kevin
  Sullivan
• and many others