Chapter 2 Fresh Water

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Chapter 2 Fresh Water
CATEGORIES Streams and Rivers Ponds and
Lakes Wetland Environments Glaciers and
Icebergs Water Underground
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Streams and Rivers state term to the correct
definition

• The broad, flat valley through which a river
  flows.
• Runoff
• A smaller stream or river that flows into a main
  river.
• Tributary

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Streams and Riversstate term to the correct
definition

• The land area that supplies water to a river
  system.
• Watershed
• The many small streams that come together at the
  source of a river.
• Headwaters

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Streams and Rivers

• true or false correct false term A river and
  all its divides together make up a river system.
• -Tributaries
• Particles of rock and soil that are picked up
  and moved by erosion and deposition are called
• sediments

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Streams and Rivers

• A looping curve in a river may be cut off to form
  a
• Oxbow lake
• A flood occurs when a rivers ______ increases so
  much that the river overflows its channel.
• volume

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Streams and Rivers
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• What factors determine whether water soaks into
  the ground or flows over the ground as runoff?
• Nature of ground surface, rate of rainfall and
  the slope of the land.

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Ponds and Lakes

• A lake that stores water for human use.
• Reservoir
• A seasonal change that refreshes the supply of
  nutrients throughout a lake.
• Lake Turnover

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Ponds and Lakes

• The process in which levels of nutrients build up
  in a lake
• Eutrophication

• Plants grow throughout a pond because the water
  is shallow enough for ________ to reach the
  bottom.
• Sunlight

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Ponds and Lakes

• Name at least 1 organism found in these ponds
  habitats On the shore
• Grasses, trees, birds, frogs
• In the Shallow water near the shore
• Snails, Tadpoles, Sunfish, Insects, etc.

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Ponds and Lakes

• What are 3 ways a reservoir may be used?
• Drinking water, Irrigation of fields, for boating
  and fishing.

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Ponds and Lakes

• How do ponds and lakes form?
• Water collects in hollows low-lying areas of
  land. The hollows might be formed by a volcano,
  melting ice or movements of Earths crust.

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Wetland Environments

• An area of land that is covered with a shallow
  layer of water during some or all of the year.
• Wetland
• How are wetlands important to migrating birds?
• Temporary homes, they rest, feed, mate, and raise
  young.

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Wetland Environments

• Why do wetlands have a rich supply of nutrients?
• Dead leaves, other plants animals serve as a
  natural fertilizer.

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Wetland Environments

• What other feature makes wetlands good habitats
  for so many organisms?
• Provide sheltered, slow moving water.
• Identify 3 human actions that pose a threat to
  the Everglades.
• Farming with new chemicals, developers have
  filled in surrounding areas to build homes and
  roads, water from Everglades is for farming.

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Wetland Environments

• Name three types of freshwater wetlands.
• Marshes, swamps and bogs.
• Explain how wetlands help control floods.
• By absorbing extra runoff from heavy rains by
  acting like giant sponges, storing water, and
  gradually releasing it.

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Glaciers and Icebergs

• _____ are huge masses of ice and snow that move
  slowly over the lad.
• Glaciers
• An ice sheet that spreads over a large area of
  land.
• Continental Glacier

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Glaciers and Icebergs

• Large chunks of ice that floats in the ocean.
• Icebergs
• A glacier that forms in the mountains and slides
  down into a valley.
• Valley Glacier

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Glaciers and Icebergs

• How are glaciers and icebergs similar?
• Thick layers of snow and ice that build up over
  time
• How are they different?
• Glaciers are found on land, icebergs form by
  breaking off of a glacier and are found floating
  in the ocean.

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Glaciers and Icebergs

• How do glaciers erode the land?
• Rock, gravel and other debris is frozen into the
  ice. These materials scrape against the land as
  the glacier moves.

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Glaciers and Icebergs

• Where are two places continental glaciers are
  found?
• Greenland and Antarctica
• Why would it be dangerous for a ship to get
  closer to a iceberg?
• Underwater part is wider.

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Glaciers and Icebergs

• Describe the process by which a glacier forms.
• Layers of snow pile on top of each other and over
  time the weight presses the snow into a solid
  block of ice.
• How do icebergs form?
• When the end of a glacier reaches the seacoast,
  large chunks break off and float away as
  icebergs.

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Water Underground

• New Water that enters an aquifer
• Recharge
• An underground layer of rock or sediment that
  holds water is called a ________
• Aquifer

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Water Underground

• An underground are of permeable material that is
  totally filled with water is called the ________.
• Saturated Zone
• ______ are places where groundwater bubbles or
  flows out of cracks in the rock.
• Springs

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Water Underground

• People can obtain groundwater from a ______ by
  drilling a well below the water table.
• Aquifer
• What two factors determine how easily water moves
  through a material?
• Size of pores and whether the pores are connected.

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Water Underground

• Why doesnt water have to be pumped out of an
  artesian well?
• The water is under pressure from the weight of
  the water over.
• What might cause a well to run dry?
• Too much water might have been taken out of the
  aquifer, lowering the water table or dry weather.

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Water Underground

• Give an example of permeable material other than
  sand or gravel.
• Soil, porous rock such as sandstone, foam,
  rubber, and cloth.
• What is the difference between the saturated and
  unsaturated zone?
• The pores in the saturated zone are filled with
  water, whereas in the unsaturated zone, the pores
  contain air as well as water.

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Water Underground

• What factors affect how fast water moves in an
  aquifer?
• How steeply the aquifer slopes and how permeable
  the rocks are.

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