U'S' History Ch' 3 Notes

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U.S. HistoryCh. 3 Notes

• By Molly Siebert

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Quick Review

• Spanish arrived to the New World in the late
  1400s
• Spanish colonized Central and South America
• English colonized the East Coast of North America
  in the early 1600s
• 1st Jamestown in pursuit of Gold
• Next, Puritans and Pilgrims in New England
• English colonies started to desire independence
  from Great Britain in the mid 1700s

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Quick Review Continued

• Patriots pushed for Independence from England,
  while the Loyalists wished to remain a part of
  Britain
• Declaration of Independence written to King
  George III used philosophical ideals of John
  Locke (laid foundation for U.S. principles)
• War raged on in the colonies
• France joined in to help the colonists win the
  war
• Treaty of Paris granted colonies independence
  from England

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Constitutional Convention 1787

• Met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of
  Confederation
• VA Plan bicameral legislature based on states
  population
• NJ Plan unicameral legislature in which each
  state had an equal vote
• CT Plan Great Compromise
• Bicameral
• House Pop
• Senate Equal vote, 2 per state
• 3/5 Compromise Slaves counted 3/5 person

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Marbury v. Madison

• Background
• Adams stacked the court with the Midnight
  judges. William Marbury sued James Madison
  because Madison would not deliver the papers to
  Marbury that would ensure him the position as
  Supreme Court Justice.
• Key Players
• William Marbury Appointed as Justice of the
  Peace (federal circuit judge)
• James Madison Secretary of State
• John Marshall Chief Supreme Court Justice

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Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review

• This was a landmark decision because it instilled
  
• the idea of Judicial Review. This concept means
• that the Supreme Court has the power to review
• whether laws and congressional acts are
• Constitutional.

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Louisiana Purchase

• Thomas Jefferson authorized purchase of territory
  from Napoleon Bonaparte of France for 15 million
• More than doubled the size of the United States
• Led to Lewis and Clark expedition to explore new
  territory valuable info about the West and
  proved transcontinental travel was possible

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War of 1812

• President James Madison (Madisons War)
• Causes
• British impressment
• British supplying Native Americans with arms
• Key Events
• British burned the Capitol in Washington D.C.
• Frances Scott Key wrote Star Spangled Banner
• Impressive victory at Battle of New Orleans

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War of 1812 Consequences

• Led to the end of the Federalist Party
• Encouraged growth of American industries
• Confirmed U.S. as a free and independent nation
  and encouraged a sense of nationalism

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Missouri Compromise

• 1820
• Devised by Henry Clay
• ME Free
• MO Slave
• Rest of LA Territory split into 2 parts
• North of 36 degrees is free
• South of 36 degrees is slave

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Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• President Monroe warned all European powers not
  to interfere with affairs in the Western
  Hemisphere
• Became a foundation for future American policy
  and represented an important step onto the world
  stage by the assertive young nation

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Indian Removal Act

• 1830 Congress w/ support of Andrew Jackson
  passed Indian Removal Act
• Force Native Americans to move west
• Many tribes signed removal treaties
• Worcester vs. Georgia (1832) 0 state of GA
  couldnt regulate the Cherokee Nation by law or
  invade Cherokee
• Jackson refused to abide this court ruling

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Trail of Tears

• Following courts ruling, U.S. troops rounded up
  the Cherokee and drove them into camps and then
  journey west
• Fall of 1838, Cherokee were sent off in group of
  1,000 each
• Journey 800 miles, mostly on foot
• Cherokee buried more than a quarter of their
  people along the Trail of Tears

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Manifest Destiny

• Belief that the United States was ordained to
• expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican
• and Native American Territory

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Texas Independence

• Key Players Santa Anna (Mexico) and Sam Houston
  (Anglo resident later named President of the
  Republic of Texas)
• Mexico gained independence in 1821 and claimed
  the area of Texas
• Mexico welcomed people from the U.S. to reside in
  Texas
• Anglos were a large portion of the Texas
  population

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Fighting for Independence

• Alamo (1836)
• Jim Bowie
• Davie Crockett
• Took over a mission called the Alamo in San
  Antonio
• Hoped to deter Santa Ana from moving troops
  farther North in Texas
• Santa Anas troops climbed the walls of the Alamo
• Very deadly battle (All 187 U.S. defenders died
  and several Mexicans died as well)

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6 weeks after the Alamo

• Santa Anas troops weakened because of the battle
  at the Alamo
• Sam Houston and 900 men quietly surprised group
  of Mexicans at the San Jacinto River
• Remember the Alamo
• They killed 630 Mexican troops and captured Santa
  Ana
• They forced Santa Ana to sign a treaty which
  granted Texas independence

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Texas Joins Union

• Much controversy whether Texas would be annexed
  by the U.S.
• Slave or Free State?
• In 1845, Texas was annexed by the U.S. (James
  Polk was President that approved annexation)
• Mexico was very unhappy about this

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Mexican American War

• Started over boundary dispute
• U.S. won the war
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Rio Grande as border between Texas and Mexico
• Mexico ceded New Mexico and California to U.S.
  (which is actually current day California,
  Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and
  aprts of Colorado and Wyoming)
• U.S. agreed to pay 15 million for Mexican
  cession
• Paved way for Gold Rush (49ers)

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Market Revolution

• Refers to when people started buying and selling
  goods rather than just making things for
  themselves
• Farmers began to specialize rather than be self
  sufficient
• Market revolution led to a boom in the U.S.
  economy
• People were making more money and able to buy
  more than just the necessities

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What helped the Revolution?

• Increase in inventions such as the sewing machine
  and vulcanized rubber (Goodyear tires)
• Steam Engine (Erie Canal and railroads)
• Telegraph, Telephone improve communication
• Steal Plow and mechanical reaper
• Advancements in technology made it easier to make
  and sell goods, which in turn helped people make
  more and live more comfortably.

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Changing society Reforms

• Abolitionists
• Womens Rights
• Labor