CARE programme

1
Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe
2

• CARE is an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative
  (I3)
• supported by the European Community under the FP6
  Structuring the European Research Area
  programme
• Aimed at improving existing accelerator
  infrastructures in EU
• 22 institutes from 9 countries have signed the
  EU contract
• About 46 institutes from 7 countries are
  associated
• Coordinated by CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Saclay
• CARE Web Site http//care.lal.in2p3.fr

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Accelerator Application Elementary Particle
Physics Discovering the Quantum Universe
(US-HEPAP)

• II. The particle world
• Why are there so many kinds of particles ?
• What is dark matter ? How can we make it in the
  laboratoy ?
• What are neutrinos telling us ?

• I. Einsteins dream of unified forces
• Are there undiscovered principles of nature new
  forces, new symmetries, new physical laws ?
• How can we solve the mystery of dark energy ?
• Are there extra dimensions of space ?
• Do all forces become one ?

• III. The birth of the universe
• How did the universe come to be ?
• What happened to the anti-matter ?

4
CARE recipients Existing Accelerators
Laboratory Accelerator Description
CCLRC-RAL ISIS Accelerator complex for the neutron and muon facility
CEA-Saclay IPHI High intensity proton injector
CERN PS, SPS, LHC CNGS CTF3 Proton accelerator complex Neutrino beam Electron two-beam linac test facility
DESY PETRA, HERA TTF Electron and proton accelerator complex Electron superconducting linac test facility and FEL
FZ Rosendorf ELBE Electron linear accelerator
GSI Darmstadt SIS, ESR Heavy-ion accelerator complex
PSI SINQ Accelerator complex for the neutron and muon facility
INFN-Frascati DAPHNE Electron-positron collider
5
CARE recipients Existing Test Stands
CCLRC-RAL - Cryogenic facility for mechanical measurements
CEA-Saclay - Cryogenic test stands for SC magnets
CryHoLab Horizontal cryogenic test stand for RF cavities
CNRS-Orsay NEPAL - Test stand with photo-injector RF coupler test laboratory
CERN - - FRESCA 3 MeV test stand for chopping and beam tests RF test stand for 352 MHz cavity testing Superconducting wire and cable test facility
DESY CHECHIA - PITZ Horizontal cryogenic test stand for RF cavities SC magnet test facility Photo-injector test facility
FZ Jülich - RF test stand for SC cavities
GSI Darmstadt - UNILAC SC magnet test facility Accelerator for beam and diagnostics tests
INFN Frascati and Genova INFN Frascati and Genova High field SC wire test facilities
6
FP6 Integrated Infrastructure Initiative 2004
2008
7
CARE MatrixActivities vs. Infrastructures
NA Networking Activities JRA Joint
Research Activities
8
ELAN Networking Activity
organized

• the European contribution
• to the first International Linear Collider
  workshop at KEK, nov04

• the first International Workshop on High Energy
  Electron using Plasmas in Paris, June05.

9
BENE Networking Activity
BENE co-organized in May04 at CERN the workshop
Physics at a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source
which reviewed the parameters of a proton
driver for a future neutrino facility. Recommende
d SPL at 3.5 GeV, 114 mA average, 40 mA peak
10
HHH Networking Activity
organized

• the Beam Dynamics in Future Hadron Colliders
  and Rapidly Cycling High-Intensity Synchrotrons
  workshop which reviewed the critical items and
  possible scenarios for CERN-LHC and GSI-SIS
  upgrades.
• topical workshops on
• Beam Generated Heat Deposition and Quench Levels
  for LHC Magnets
• and Crystal Collimation in Hadron Storage Rings
  
• http//care-hhh.web.cern.ch/CARE-HHH/

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Joint Research Activities

• The four Joint Research Activities (JRA) aim at
  developing critical or beyond the state of the
  art components and systems allowing one to
  upgrade the infrastructures dedicated to EPP.
• SRF The development of the superconducting RF
  cavity technology for the acceleration of
  electrons with gradient exceeding 35 MV/m and the
  development of the subsequent necessary
  superconducting RF technology.
• PHIN An RD program for improving the
  technology of photo-injectors, in particular to
  match the severe requirements necessary for
  demonstrating the 2 beam acceleration concepts.
• HIPPI The integrated developments of normal
  and superconducting RF structures for the
  acceleration of very high-intensity proton beams
  as well as challenging beam chopping magnets.
• NED The development and mastering of the
  technology for reaching very high magnetic field
  (gt15 T) and high current densities (gt1500 A/mm2).
• All together 16 contracting institutes, 12
  industrial companies

12
Joint Research Activity Budgets
SRF PHIN HIPPI NED Total JRA
Number of Contractors 8 6 8 6 16
EU funding 5.0 M 3.5 M 3.6 M 1.0 M 13 M
Expected Cost 9.2 M 6.0 M 15 M 2.1 M 32 M
FTE 54 over 4 years 22 over 4 years 23 over 5 years 4.2 over 3 years 103 over 5 years
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SRF Work Packages
2 Improved Standard Cavity Fabrication
2.1 Reliability analysis
2.2 Improved component design
2.3 EB welding
3 Seamless Cavity Production
3.1 Seamless cavity production by spinning
3.2 Seamless cavity production by hydroforming
4 Thin Film Cavity Production
4.1 Linear arc cathode
4.2 Planar arc cathode
5 Surface Preparation
5.1 Electro-Polishing on single cells
5.2 Electro-Polishing on multicells
5.3  Automated EP
5.4 Dry ice cleaning
6 Material Analysis
6.1 Squid scanning
6.2 Flux gate magnetometry
6.3 DC field emission studies of Nb samples
7 Couplers
7.1 New proto-types
7.2 Titanium-nitride coating system
7.3 Conditioning studies
8 Tuners
8.1 Actuators and sensor characterisation
8.2 Control electronics
8.3 Piezo-electric tuners
8.4 Magneto-strictive tuner
9 Low Level RF
9.1 Operability and Technical performance
9.2 Cost and reliabilty
9.3 Hardware technolgy
9.4 Software technology
10 Cryostat Integration Tests
11 Beam Diagnostics
11.1 Emittance monitor
11.2 Beam position monitor
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SRF RD Programme (1)
Scientific investigations on coated Niobium films
by the vacuum arc method at IPJ-Swierk and
INFN-Roma have shown that the superconducting
properties, i.e. Jc and Tc, are the same as in
bulk Niobium
15
SRF RD Programme (2)
The progress with the preparation of cavities by
electropolishing and moderate bake out results in
nine cell 1.3 GHz superconducting cavities with
accelerating gradients above 30 MV/m and quality
factors above 1010.
16
SRF RD Programme (3)
RF studies at CNRS-Orsay of two alternative
couplers design are complete. Prototypes will be
built in industry and RF tests are foreseen in
spring of 2006.
17
SRF RD Programme (4)
The progress in the design of two piezo-tuners,
lateral at CEA or axial at INFN-Milano, will
allow the fabrication and RF-tests of tuner
prototypes in 2005 in CryHoLab.
Also supported by HIPPI for proton SC cavities
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SRF RD Programme (4)
Integrated high power cavity tests are under way
at the CryHoLab (IN2P3-CEA) test stand with the
first goal of qualifying the cold tuning system
prototypes
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PHIN Work Packages
2 Charge Production
2.1 High efficiency photocathode for 3 GHz RF gun
2.2 Photocathode for superconducting cavity
2.3 Laser driven plasma source
3 LASER
3.1 Laser system
3.2 Pulse shaping system
3.3 UV generation and feedbacks
4 Gun
4.1 Superconducting RF gun
4.2 3 GHz RF gun
4.3 Spectrometer for e- beam
20
PHIN RD Programme (1)
The characteristics of more than 30
photocathodes, (preparation condition, quantum
efficiency, laser wave-length, lifetime, vacuum
conditions) have been collected in a database
(CERN, FZR-ELBE, TEU). http//www.fz-rossendorf.de
/projects/CARE/index.files/page0001.htm
  Material E aEg (eV) Threshold (nm)
Alkali-halide CsI 6.4 209
  CsI-Ge 5.0 248
Alkali-antimonide Cs3Sb 2.0 620
  K3Sb 2.3 539
  Na2KSb 2.0 620
  K2CsSb . .
Alkali-telluride Cs 2Te 3.5 354
  CsKTe    
  Rb 2Te 4.1 302
  RbCsTe . .
  K2Te . .
NegativeElectron Affinity GaAs (Cs) . .
  (111) Diamond . lt210
Properties of semiconductor photocathodes
21
PHIN RD Programme (2)
A new superconducting RF gun with 3 ½ cells has
been designed FZR-ELBE with Cs2Te_at_LN2. First
beam in 2006.
22
PHIN RD Programme (3)
The demonstration of a high charge 0.5 nC
mono-energetic 170 MeV ? 20 MeV electron beam
generation in the laser plasma accelerator
concept has been achieved at CNRS-LOA (published
in Nature).
23
PHIN RD Programme (4)
Experiments on pulse shaping with the
acousto-optic modulator (Dazzler) achieved the
required square laser pulse characteristics
before the amplifier system at INFN (Frascati,
Milano, Roma).
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HIPPI Work Packages
2 Normal conducting structures
2.1 Drift tube linac DTL
2.2 H-mode drift tube linac
2.3 Side coupled linac
2.4 Cell coupled drift tube linac CCDTL
3 Superconducting structures
3.1 Elliptical cavities
3.2 Spoke cavities
3.3 CH resonators
4 Chopping
4.1 Chopper structure
4.2 Chopper beam line
4.3
5 Beam dynamics
5.1 Code development
5.2 Code benchmarking
5.3 Simulation and experiment at UNILAC
5.4 Simulation and experiment at CERN
5.5 Diagnostics and collimation
25
HIPPI RD Programme (1)
RF studies have been completed and prototypes are
in fabrication for both normal and
superconducting low-beta cross-H 352 MHz
resonators at IAP-Frankfort.
Cu
Nb
26
HIPPI RD Programme (2)
A 352 MHz Cavity Coupled DTL pre-prototype in
construction at CERN has been copper plated and
will undergo high power tests.
A second prototype is built in Russia (ISTC 2875
) at BINP (Novosibirsk) and at VNITEF (Snezinsk)
27
HIPPI RD Programme (3)
Superconducting spoke resonator prototypes,
ranging from ß0.1 to ß0.35 have been designed
at FZ-Jülich at 352 and 760 MHz, and CNRS-Orsay
at 352 MHz. They have been fabricated in industry
and RF tests have started.
FZJ
IPN-Orsay
28
HIPPI RD Programme (4)
A ß0.47, 704 MHz superconducting elliptical
cavity fabricated at INFN-Milano reached 16 MV/m
gradient with Q0 5.109 during a vertical RF
test at CEA-Saclay
29
NED Work Packages
2 Thermal studies and quench protection
2.1 Heat transfer measurements
2.2 Quench protection computation
3 Conductor development
3.1 Cable specification for 15 T dipole magnet
3.2 Wire development
3.3 Wire characterization
3.4 Cable development
3.5 Cable characterisation
4 Insulation development and implementation
4.1 Specification of conductor insulation
4.2 Implementation study of conventional solution
4.3 Implementation study of innovative solution
5 Magnet design and optimisation
30
NED RD Programme (1)
Heat transfer measurements will be performed in a
pressurized, He-II, double-bath cryostat
manufactured at Wroclaw University of Technology.
The cryostat has been delivered to CEA/Saclay
where the facility will be implemented an
operated.
31
NED RD Programme (2)
Magnetic designs for large bore and high field
dipole magnets have been studied at CERN in order
to define the characteristics of Nb3Sn strands
suitable to reach a 15 T field for two different
apertures (CERN).
Ø 88 mm
Ø 160 mm
32
NED RD Programme (3)

• NED and HHH co-organized in March04 at Archamps
  the workshop Accelerator Magnet Superconductors
  to review present RD and define directions of
  developments in connection with European
  industries.
• http//amt.web.cern.ch/amt/events/workshops/WAMS20
  04/wams2004_index.htm
• Two contracts for Nb3Sn conductor development
  have been awarded to Alstom/MSA (France) and SMI
  (The Netherlands).

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Aplications ofSuperconductivity and Injectors

• CARE RD programmes are focused on the technology
  of
• High gradient superconducting RF
• High field superconducting magnets
• Intense electron beam sources
• Intense proton beam injectors
• These technologies, developed in EPP laboratories
  worldwide
• (cf. EU laboratories KEK, Fermilab, JLab, LBNL,
  BNL, )
• lead to wider applications
• 1 3 ? Fourth generation light sources SASE-FEL
• 1 4 ? Proton drivers for spallation neutron
  sources and accelerator driven systems
• 2 4 ? Fusion reactors stellarators and
  tokamaks

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Looking ahead (I)
CARE is the first EPP project associated to the
EC Framework Programmes. Since then, other
accelerator RD projects have been approved
Project Instrmt. Type Beam Type Start date Duration Years Total Cost EU contribution
CARE I3 All 1/1/04 5 55 M 15.2 M
EUROTEV DS e,e- (LC) 1/1/05 3 29 M 9 M
EURISOL DS Ion, p (Neutrino b-beam) 1/1/05 4 33 M (3.3 M) 9.16 M (1 M)
DS Design Studies
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Looking ahead (II)

• CARE RD programme must be extended within the EU
  FP7 to ensure that the European Elementary
  Particle Physics community plays an important
  role
• in the improvement of present accelerators
• - LHC upgrade
• - GSI SIS upgrade
• - DESY XFEL
• in the construction of new accelerators
• - ILC International Linear Collider (2010 ?)
• - Neutrino factories
• - Muon collider
• In pushing the limits in the performance of
  accelerator systems for other applications.

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Dissemination of knowledge

• CARE Publications
• http//dphs10.saclay.cea.fr/Doc/Care/care_index.ph
  p

Nature, NIM, Phys. Rev,
2004 ELAN BENE HHH SRF PHIN HIPPI NED Total
Notes 26 5 6 2 0 0 39
Pubs 1 2 1 4
Reports 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8
Confs 1 8 18 6 19 2 54

• CARE Databases and Code Repositories (via CARE
  Web site)
• Superconducting RF and e- instrumentation in ELAN
• Photocathode properties in PHIN
• Accelerator codes for electron linacs in ELAN
• Accelerator codes for proton accelerators in HHH

37
Conclusion

• CARE RD programmes have started 18 months ago,
  with a very wide range of collaborative projects.
• With a few exceptions, major investments and most
  of the hiring have been undertaken. Few
  prototypes have been already fabricated.
• Progress of the activities has been reported to
  EC in the 1st annual activity reports, available
  on the CARE web site.
• The upgraded test stands will become operational
  in late 2005 and prototype will be tested over
  2006 to 2008.
• Many synergies and complementarities with other
  projects
• CARE is not isolated in its  ivory
  tower