Drastic Times

1
Drastic Times

• The New Deal did not end the Great Depression.
• The Great Depression ended because of the
  economic stimulation caused by World War II.
• Why did World War II start?

2
Topics to be discussed.

• German bitterness
• American isolationism
• Increased German activity
• War preparations in US
• Whos who.
• Delawares contribution
• Events of the war.

3
The World Around Us
4
REMEMBER THE WWI TREATY NEGOTIATIONS?

• What did the Allies do to Germany?
• How would you feel?
• What might you do about it?

5
German Bitterness

• Germany was very bitter after World War
• The people had suffered a horrible depression and
  devastating economic turmoil.
• This allowed the National Socialists to come to
  power with a man named Adolf Hitler as their
  leader.
• He gave rousing speeches to gain power and once
  in power, he became a ruthless and brutal
  dictator who would crush and destroy anyone who
  opposed him.

6
Adolf Hitler in Power

• Expansion by Conquest
• Attempted to take over other countries to
  build his power
• Concentration Camps and Work Camps
• Master Race of Germans
• Holocaust
• Genocide
• 6 MILLION Jews were killed by the Nazis

7
(No Transcript)
8
Auschwitz
9
(No Transcript)
10
American Isolationism

• After the Great War, most Americans became
  isolationists. Remember the thin line of the
  1920s?
• Pacifists and Conscientious Objectors many had
  served in the Medical Corps in The Great War
• Womens International League For Peace
• Veterans
• 50,000 marched on Washington for the 18th
  Anniversary of the entry into WWI
• Students
• 175,000 marched on Washington shortly after the
  veterans
• Quakers

11
The Isolationist Sentiment

• No on can make us fight abroad unless we
  ourselves are willing to do soOver one hundred
  million people in this nation are opposed to
  entering the war. If the principles of Democracy
  mean anything at all, that is reason enough for
  us to stay out. If we are forced into a war
  against the wishes of an overwhelming majority of
  people, we will have proved democracy such a
  failure at home that there will be little use
  fighting for it abroad. Charles Lindbergh

12
Reaction to the Protests

• Neutrality Acts (1935)
• Prohibited the sale of weapons to either side in
  the war
• Trying to keep the country from repeating the
  mistakes made early in WWI

13
Roosevelt Calls for a Quarantine

• Italian troops invaded Ethiopia and Japan
  attacked China within a couple years after the
  Neutrality Acts
• Roosevelts answer to these and other aggressions
  in Europe and Asia was to call for peaceful
  nations to band together and isolate the
  aggressor nations to stop them
• Congress took no action and Roosevelt did not
  push his plan

14
The Shift Away from Neutrality

• Hitler and Germany invaded Poland in 1939 causing
  Britain and France to declare war. The Soviet
  Union seized eastern Poland
• World War II had officially begun and Congress
  and Roosevelt devised a new plan called Cash and
  Carry where any country could buy weapons and
  goods from the US

15
September 1940

• The draft was authorized allowing men between the
  ages of 21 and 35.
• On October 16, more than 16 million men signed up
  to be drafted
• The first numbers were drawn on October 29
• WE WERE STILL NOT OFFICIALLY AT WAR!

16
Election Year 1940

• Roosevelt was the first president even to seek a
  third term.
• His opponent accused him of secretly planning to
  involve the United States in the war. Remember,
  the depression has not yet fully ended.
• Roosevelt responded with this famous quote

17
I have said this before and I shall say it again
and again and again your boys are not going to
be sent into any foreign wars.
18
ROOSEVELT WINS THE ELECTION!
19
Protecting the Four Freedoms

• Roosevelt felt that reelection meant that the
  American people were endorsing his assistance of
  Great Britain.
• In 1941 he called for a protection of the Four
  Freedoms
• Freedom of speech and religion
• Freedom from want and fear

20
Lend Lease

• Roosevelts next plan was the Lend Lease Act
  which gave the president the authority to sell or
  lend war supplies to any nation whose defense was
  essential to Americas security.
• WHAT IN THE WORLD DOES THIS MEAN??

21
This means that the US would provide materials to
Britain and France for free with the
understanding that the materials would be
returned after the war. How can used war supplies
be returned??
22
The Battle of the Atlantic

• Groups of German War boats called Wolf Packs
  wandered the Atlantic Oceans sinking ships.
• Roosevelt responded by giving permission to the
  Navy to repair British ships and then gave the
  British Navy 10 Coast Guard ships

23
June 22, 1941 Hitler breaks his non-aggression
treaty by invading the Soviet Union
24
First Aggressions

• A US destroyer, in late 1941 was found to be
  following a German U-boat and giving information
  about that U-boat to British airplanes. The
  U-boat sank the destroyer, the Greer. Using this
  incident, and another shortly after involving the
  Reuben James, Roosevelt convinced Congress to
  authorize the arming of merchant ships in the
  Atlantic.

25
WAR!
26
What happened on December 7, 1941 that changed
everything?

• The Attack on Pearl Harbor

27
(No Transcript)
28
USS Shaw
29
Congress declared war on December 8, 1941 on
Japan.
30
The Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany and
Italy was a mutual defense treaty signed in
September 1940. Because of this treaty,
declaring war on Japan meant war with Germany and
Italy as well.
31
Were We Prepared For War?
32
American War Preparations

• Before Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt had
• prepared councils to oversee production of
• war materials
• The burning questionWho would make these
  materials with all the men going off to war?

33
ROSIE!

• Rosie The Riveter is one of our most recognizable
  women and was a complete work of fiction.
• Rosie was the character created for propaganda
  materials designed to get women involved in
  manufacturing and development jobs during the
  war.

34
(No Transcript)
35
Whos Who

• Allied Powers
• Great Britain
• United States
• France
• Soviet Union
• China
• Australia
• Canada

• Axis Powers
• Italy
• Japan
• Germany

36
The Two Theaters

• European

• Pacific

English Children Who Have Lost Their Home
37
War in Europe

• Europe first, then the Far East
• By 1942 Hitler controlled most of Europe and
  North Africa
• Dwight Ike Eisenhower put in charge of the
  European Forces
• Africa
• 1942 Operation Torch
• Attack on Morocco and Algeria
• Italy
• July 1943 attack on Sicily

38
War Time Line

• Dunkirk massive rescue operation saving allied
  troops off the beaches.
• Battle of Britain massive air war attacks
  against the Germans.

39
D-Day

• Saving Private Ryan

40
D-Day

• France was considered the key to Europe
• June 6, 1944
• 4,000 landing craft
• 600 warships
• 176,000 soldiers
• Crossing the English channel, these soldiers went
  ashore at Normandy and attacked the German forces
  gradually taking control at a heavy cost

41

• German POWs led through the streets of Paris

Hitler surveys damage done by a British Air Raid
42
Meanwhile.Back in the US

• Election of 1944
• Roosevelt is elected to his FOURTH term with
  Harry Truman as his Vice President
• Japanese Americans are sent to internment camps
• Rationing is instituted
• War Bonds are sold
• The coasts become target
• DID YOU KNOW.

43
That DELAWARE Was a Strategic Defense Point in
World War II???
44
Cape Henlopen

• In 1941, in the area now known as Cape Henlopen
  State Park, the U.S. Army had a military base.
  They built bunkers into the sand and large towers
  that could keep watch for German submarines or
  landing crews. Much of the original military base
  is still standing today and can be seen although
  the bunkers themselves have been sealed up.

45
Back to the War

• The Battle of the Bulge
• In December 1944, the Allies were ready to cross
  into Germany.
• Just before they could, on December 16th, Hitler
  committed his last troops to stopping the Allies.
  
• The attack caught the Allies off guard and was
  almost successful.
• By January however, the Allies had defeated the
  forces and in March 1945, the Allies crossed into
  Germany.
• Russia was advancing from the west at the same
  time and on May 8, Germany surrendered.
• This is known as V-E Day. Roosevelt had not lived
  to see it.

46
A New President

• Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 of a massive
  stroke.
• Harry S. Truman became President of the United
  States in the middle of a World War.