Human Reproductive System

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Human Reproductive System

• http//www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_s
  ets/Human_Reproduction/02t.html

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Function Of Hormones During Puberty

• The Hypothalamus which is located in the brain
  stem is attached to the pituitary gland and the
  size of a walnut.
• With the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus
  increases the release of gonadotropin releasing
  hormone (GnRH). This hormone is needed for sexual
  maturity and normal reproduction.
• GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to
  release several hormones. Among them are the
  gonadotropings "follicle stimulating hormone"
  (FSH) and "lutenizing hormone" (LH.)
• These gonadotropins act by stimulating the
  production of sex hormones in the gonads (testes
  and ovary.)

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Question

• Who can name an organ in the female reproductive
  System?

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Female Reproductive System
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Question?

• What do the Ovaries contain?

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Ovulation From the Ovary

• The ovaries contain eggs stored in follicles,
  which are cells that promote maturation.
• Your born with them!..
• Following puberty, every month, approximately 12
  to 14 days after the first day of menstruation in
  a "typical" monthly cycle, one of these follicles
  reaches maturity and is released into the uterine
  tube in a process called ovulation.

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Question?

• How often does menstruation or a period occur.

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The BasicsFemale Menstrual Cycle

• First 3-7 days menstruation
• The first 12 days no gnadotpophin no follicle
  formation
• Next 12 Days produce
• gonadotropic hormones.
• This results in a small increase of follicle
  stimulating hormone (FSH), but a large increase
  of luteinizing hormone (LH.) OvulationThis
  sudden increase of LH causes the mature follicle
  to release the egg. Following release of the
  ovum, the ruptured ovarian follicle develops into
  the corpus luteum. End of the cycle The corpus
  luteum, in turn, secrete estrogen and
  progesterone increases uterine lining..

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The Basics Male Reproductive System

• The erectile tissue of the penis consists of two
  parallel cylindrical components the corpus
  cavernosa near to top of the penis and underneath
  the corpus spongiosum through which passes the
  urethra. The glans, located at the tip of the
  penis, is covered with a thinner, more sensitive
  skin than the shaft of the penis..
• The seminiferous tubules are located in the
  testes.

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Seminiferous tubules are tightly coiled tubules
within the testes. They are the production site
of about 30 million sperm each day.
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Question?

• How many sperm are produced each day?

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Where does the Sperm Come from??? The
2 Ejaculatory Phases

• Ejaculation is a reflex which usually cannot be
  stopped once it has started.
• Emission- the two ducts known as vas deferens
  contract to propel sperm, from storage in the
  epididymis up to the ampullas at the top end of
  the vas deferens. The beginning of emission is
  typically experienced as a "point of no return".
  The sperm then passes through the ejaculatory
  ducts and is mixed with fluids from the seminal
  vesicles the prostate and the bulb urethral
  glands to form the semen.
• Ejaculation proper- ejaculation of the semen..
• Force and Amount??? Varies among Males
• hypospermia- abnormally low amount of sperm
  production

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Fertilization of ovum by
Spermatozoon

• Ovulation- a mature egg is released from one of
  the ovaries into the body cavity.
• Fallopian tubes- capture the egg and slowly
  propel it toward the uterus.
• Sperm Present???
• If sperm are present in the female
  reproductive system, one of the sperm will
  penetrate the egg, normally occurring in the
  upper third of the Fallopian tube.

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Window of Opportunity When can fertilization
occur??

• Sperm can live in a womans body up to 5 days
  after intercourse, though more often 2 days.
  Pregnancy is most likely if intercourse occurs
  anywhere from 3 days before ovulation until 2-3
  days after ovulation.

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Journey of the Sperm

• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/program.html

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Summary of Lesson

• Ovum is released by ovary mid cycle and lives in
  fallopian tube 6-8 days
• Sperm which is released through the reflex
  ejaculation travels through the uterus in search
  of ovum
• ovum is fertilized in fallopian tube
• Fertilization is the fusion of ovum and
  spermatozoon.