Creating Web Pages with HTML, 3e

1
New Perspectives on Creating Web Pages with HTML

• Tutorial 2 Adding Hypertext Links to a Web Page

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Tutorial Objectives

• Create hypertext links between elements within a
  Web page
• Create hypertext links between Web pages
• Review basic Web page structures
• Create hypertext links to Web pages on the
  Internet
• Distinguish between and be able to use absolute
  and relative pathnames
• Create hypertext links to various Internet
  resources, including FTP servers and newsgroups

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Opening A Web Page
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Adding Hypertext Links
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Adding Hypertext Links

• 1. Type the headings into the HTML file
• 2. Mark each destination in file using an anchor.
• 3. Link the text you added in step 1 to your
  anchors created in step 2.

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Creating Anchors

• Each anchor has its own anchor name, using the
  name attribute i.e.
• lta nameccgtClasseslt/agt.
• An anchor doesnt have to be text. You can mark
  an inline image as an anchor.
• Adding an anchor does not change your documents
  appearance in any way.

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How an Anchor Works
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Creating Links

• To create a link to an anchor, use the ltagt tag.
• Use the href attribute, which is short for
  Hypertext Reference, to indicate the location to
  jump to.
• href can refer to an anchor in the document or to
  any resource anywhere on the Internet
• the href attribute is case sensitive
• You link to an anchor using the anchor name
  preceded by a pound () symbol
• lta hrefgragtGradinglt/agt.

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Creating Links Continued
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Web Page Structures

• Storyboarding your Web pages before you create
  links helps you determine which structure works
  best for the type of information youre
  presenting.
• You want to ensure that readers can navigate
  easily from page to page without getting lost.

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Linear Structures
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Augmented Linear Structure
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Hierarchical Structure
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Hierarchical Structure on AltaVista Web Page
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Combination of Linear and Hierarchical Structures
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Web Structures Continued

• The best time to organize a structure is when you
  first start creating pages, when those pages are
  small in number and more easily managed !

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Multipage Document with No Coherent Structure
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Creating Links Among Documents
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Linking to a Document

• To create a link to a document, use the same tag
  with the href attribute
• lta hrefcontact.htmgtContact melt/agt.
• In order for the browser to be able to locate and
  open contact.htm, it must be in the same folder
  as the document containing the link (chem.htm).

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HTML Code that Links to Other Documents
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Browser Displaying Links to Other Documents
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Linking to a Section of a Document

• To navigate to a specific location elsewhere in a
  document, rather than the top, you can set
  anchors and link to an anchor you create within
  the document.
• lta hrefhome.htminterestsgt View my interests
  lt/agt

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Adding Links to Specific Locations in a Page
The pound symbol () in these tags (shown in red)
distinguishes the filename from the anchor name.
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Links in the Chemistry Page thatPoint to Anchors
in the Links Page
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Linking to Documents in Other Folders

• When referencing a file located in a different
  folder than the link tag, you must include the
  location, or path, for the file.
• HTML supports two kinds of paths absolute paths
  and relative paths.

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Absolute Pathnames

• An absolute pathname provides a precise location
  for a file.
• With HTML, absolute pathnames begin with a slash
  (/) and are followed by a sequence of folders
  beginning with the highest level folder and
  proceeding to the folder that contains the file.
• HTML also requires you to include the drive
  letter followed by a vertical bar ()
• /C/tutorial.02/case/parks.htm.

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Folder Tree
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Relative Pathnames

• A relative path specifies the location for a file
  in relation to the folder containing the current
  Web document.
• Unlike absolute pathnames, a relative pathname
  does not begin with a slash.
• To reference a file in a folder directly above
  the current folder in the folder hierarchy,
  relative pathnames use two periods (..)
  ../tutorial/chem.htm.

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Relative Pathnames Continued

• Relative pathnames make your hypertext links
  portable.
• Unlike absolute pathnames, If you move your files
  to a different computer or server, the hypertext
  links will stay intact.

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Linking to Documents on the Internet

• To create a hypertext link to a document on the
  Internet, you need to know its URL.
• lta href http//www.mwu.edu/course/info.htmlgtCourse
  Informationlt/agt.

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Interpreting Parts of a Uniform Resource Locator
(URL)
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Link to Another Page on the Web
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Displaying Linked Documents in a New Window

• To force a document to appear in a new window,
  instead of the main browser window, you would use
  the target attribute in the href tag
• lta hrefurl targetnew_windowgtHypertextlt/agt
• url is the URL of the page, and new_window is a
  name assigned to the new browser window

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External Hyperlinks

• You can set up external hyperlinks to open in the
  same browser window using the same target
  attribute
• If you want your external documents to be
  displayed in their own browser window, you can
  assign a unique target value for each hyperlink,
  or you can assign the _blank keyword to the
  target attribute
• lta hrefurl target_blankgtHypertextlt/agt.

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Linking to File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Servers

• You can create links to other Internet resources,
  such as FTP (File Transfer Protocol) servers.
• FTP servers can store files that Internet users
  can download, or transfer, to their computers
• lta href ftp//ftp.microsoft.comgtMicrosoft FTP
  serverlt/agt.

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Linking to Usenet News

• Usenet is a collection of discussion forums
  called newsgroups that let users exchange
  messages with other users on a wide variety of
  topics.
• The URL for a newsgroup is newsnewsgroup.
• To access the newsgroup
• lta hrefnewsalt.surfinggtGo to the surfing
  newsgrouplt/agt.

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Linking to E-mail

• Many Web designers include their e-mail addresses
  on their Web pages, so that users who access the
  page can send feedback.
• You can identify e-mail addresses as hypertext
  links.
• The URL for an e-mail address is
  mailtoe-mail_address.
• To create a link to the e-mail address
  davis_at_mwu.edu, the following code would be
  entered
• lta hrefmailtodavis_at_mwu.edugtdavis_at_mwu.edult/agt

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Adding an Email Link
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Tutorial 2 Summary

• Learned how to work with hypertext links.
• Learned how to create anchors within a Web page.
• Created links to anchors.
• Created hyperlinks within a single document and
  links to other Web pages.
• Discussed creating hyperlinks to resources other
  than Web pages, such as FTP sites, e-mail
  addresses and Gopher servers.