SOCS 1410 Spring 2002 Exam

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SOCS 1410Spring 2002Exam 1 Reminder(Chapters
1-4, 8,9, 11)Wednesday April 24th
1100-1250Sturm Hall Auditorium 251

• Paul Sutton
• psutton_at_du.edu
• Department of Geography
• University of Denver
• January, 2001

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Migration A permanent move to a new
location Alternate definition permanent or
semi-permanent change of residence of an
individual or group of people   All migration
streams go both ways from A to B and from B to
A   People leaving A are emigrating from A and
immigrating to B   Net Migration Immigration
Emigration   Migration a subset of various
kinds of human mobility Other types of mobility
are seasonal and circular   Migration, together
with Fertility and Mortality are the fundamental
determinants of Population Size and Structure
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Measuring Migration Spatial Temporal Scales
ultimately define any classification of
migration streams. Consequently studying
migration can be very difficult. For example
Characterize migration within the United States
from 1990 to 1991 or 1990 to 2000 at the
Regional, State, and County levels using
Census data. What does the resulting data look
like? What potentially important information
might be missing?
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Ravensteins Laws of Migration     1) The
majority of migrants go only a short distance 2)
Migration proceeds step by step   3) Migrants
going long distances generally go by preference
to one of the great centers of commerce or
industry   4) Each migration current produces a
compensating counter-current   5) The natives of
towns are less migratory than those of rural
areas   6) Females are more migratory than males
within their country of birth, but males more
frequently venture beyond   7) Most migrants are
adults, families rarely migrate out of their
country of birth   8) Large towns grow more from
migration than from natural increase   9)
igration increases in volume as industry and
commerce develop and transportation
improves 10) The major direction of migration is
from agricultural areas to the centers of
industry and commerce 11) The major causes of
migration are economic
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Immigration Reasoning Question
Suppose you meet someone who makes that claim
that people of Asian ancestry are superior
for cultural or genetic reasons. To support their
claim they cite facts about Asians having
higher levels of income, educational
achievement, and entrepreneurship than white,
Hispanic, or African-American populations in
the United States. Counter this persons
argument with evidence supporting the following
premise Asians, Hispanics, African-Americans,
and Caucasians are not significantly different
in fundamental abilities. However, observations
of them in the United States vary due to
geographical and demographic phenomena and
processes regarding population size, structure,
and migration laws.  
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The Battle in SeattleWhat was up with that?
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Scenes from the WTO demonstrations in Seattle
What is the WTO?
Who was protesting And why?
How did the media Portray these protests?
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What is the World Trade Organization (WTO?)

• From the WTOs official web Page
•  
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only
  international organization dealing with the
  global rules of trade between nations. Its main
  function is to ensure that trade flows as
  smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.
•  
• The result is assurance. Consumers and producers
  know that they can enjoy secure supplies and
  greater choice of the finished products,
  components, raw materials and services that they
  use. Producers and exporters know that foreign
  markets will remain open to them.
•  
• The result is also a more prosperous, peaceful
  and accountable economic world. Decisions in the
  WTO are typically taken by consensus among all
  member countries and they are ratified by
  members parliaments. Trade friction is
  channelled into the WTOs dispute settlement
  process where the focus is on
• interpreting agreements and commitments, and how
  to ensure that countries trade policies conform
  with them. That way, the risk of disputes
  spilling over into political or military conflict
  is reduced.
•  
• By lowering trade barriers, the WTOs system also
  breaks down other barriers between peoples and
  nations. At the heart of the system known as
  the multilateral trading system are the WTOs
  agreements, negotiated and signed by a large
  majority of the worlds trading nations, and
  ratified in their parliaments. These agreements
  are the legal ground-rules for international
  commerce. Essentially, they are contracts,
  guaranteeing member countries important trade
  rights. They also bind governments to keep their
  trade policies within agreed limits to
  everybodys benefit.
•  
• The agreements were negotiated and signed by
  governments.
• But their purpose is to help producers of goods
  and services, exporters, and importers conduct
  their business.
•  
• The goal is to improve the welfare of the peoples
  of the member countries.
• How could anybody be against that?

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Who are the supporters of the WTO?

• Al Gore AND George W. Bush
• President Bill Clinton 
• Multi-national Corporations
• (you know. The people who sponsor PBS programs
  on television)
• Exxon, Archer Daniels Midland, Chiquita Banana,
  Dole Pineapple etc.
• The Wall Street Journals Editorial Staff
• The Economists Editorial Staff
• American Cattle Farmers using the Bovine Growth
  Hormone
• -This list goes on..

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Who Opposes the WTO?

• American and International Labor groups such as
• The AFL-CIO
• The United Steelworkers of America
• Labor Net Canada
•  
• International Human Rights groups such as
• Amnesty International
• Food First
• Womens International League for Peace and
  Freedom
• Conservative Americans such as Pat Buchanan
•  
• Liberal Americans such as Ralph Nader
•  

International Grassroots Indigenous Peoples
groups such as Peasant Movement of the
Philippines Brazil's Landless Movement Sandinista
Central Workers union in Nicaragua Mexico's
Zapatista National Liberation Front
(EZLN)   Farmers and other agricultural interests
in Europe, Japan, and other places around the
world   National and International Environmental
groups such as The Sierra Club Rainforest
Action Network Worldwatch Friends of
the Earth
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Some WTO Issues

• Genetically Modified Crops (GM not always General
  Motors)
• -whos the major producer
• -who are the sellers that suffer from GM crops
  on the market?
•  
• Agricultural Subsidies
• -where are the big agricultural subsidies?
• -why do these nations provide agricultural
  subsidies?
• -who is hurt by agricultural subsidies?
• -Is the U.S. food stamps program an Ag Subsidy?
•  
• Yes, we slap tariff on your Bananas today
• -Why does Europe subsidize banana crops in the
  Caribbean?
• -How did U.S. respond to the Banana Tariff?
• -What does Chiquita Banana think about this?
• -Who did Chiquita Banana give money to?
• (follow the money)
•  

Would you like some Dolphin with your Tuna? (or
turtle with your Shrimp) -WTO rules on
product NOT process that created product
-Can trade law and environmental law be separate
but equal?   Chinese Packing Crates and the
Asian Long-horned Beetle -introduction of
alien species and Bio-invasions
-Bio-invasions a major threat to ecosystems
around the world -Australias fun examples
Cane Toads etc.   Japan and Brazil dumping Steel
on U.S. Markets? -Good for U.S.
Steelworkers?   Products made by children in
Pakistan or Prison labor in China -should
they compete on even playing field with
products manufactured according to higher
labor standards?
What is a Non-Tariff Trade Barrier?
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The Twisted WebThe Summarizing Question of Weeks
1-3

• International Trade
• the Global Economy
• Human Rights The Environment
• Fair Labor Practices Ecological
  Sustainability

The WTO proponents see the hierarchy as drawn
above (i.e. Trade on Top), Environmentalists
would put sustainability on top,
Human rights activists and Churches might put
Humanity on top.
Is a Hierarchical Structure appropriate? Is
there a Hierarchy that everyone can agree
on? Might an intransitive (paper, scissors, rock)
situation be negotiated?
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The Parable of Easter Island

• The following 12 slides tell the story of Easter
  Island. (from Larry Gonicks book The Cartoon
  Guide to the Environment.
• Is this a microcosm of what is happening at a
  global Scale?

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