Objective 2 Vocabulary

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Objective 2 Vocabulary
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• Abiotic- Nonliving part of an ecosystem.
• Active Transport- using energy to move substances
  across a semi permeable membrane.
• Adaptation- A change in use of a structure or
  behavior that increases survival.
• Aerobic- In the presence of oxygen.
• Allele- One of a pair of letters to represent a
  trait.

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• Amoeba- single-celled protist that has a false
  foot, found in water environments.
• Anaerobic- without the presence of oxygen.
• Anaphase- The stage of mitosis during which the
  chromosomes separate to the dividing cells.
• Anterior- Front side of an organism.

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• Antibodies- a type of white blood cell produced
  to recognize previous types of infections.
• Archeobacteria- a prokaryotic single-celled
  organism that lives in harsh environments

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• Asexual reproduction- producing offspring through
  simple cell division.
• Binomial Nomenclature- using the Genus species as
  the scientific name of organisms
• Cell- The smallest part of any living organism.

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• Cellular respiration- chemical reaction that
  produces energy in living things that occurs in
  the mitochondria.
• Centrioles- Cell part that enables mitosis.
• Chlorophyll- the pigment in chloroplasts that
  absorbs light energy in plants.

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• Chromosome- tightly coiled DNA segments found in
  the nucleus.
• Cilia- Small hair-like structures that are used
  for movement
• Classification- use of a system to group similar
  organisms into kingdoms, phylum, classes orders,
  families, genus species.

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• Codon- a 3 letter piece of RNA that reads the DNA
  in the nucleus.
• Diffusion- movement across a membrane from high
  to low concentration.
• DNA- the genetic code for making a new organism.
• DNA replication- process of copying DNA by
  matching a new side to an unzipped old side
  during mitosis.

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• Dominant- the trait that always shows up if it is
  present as an allele.
• Dorsal- A structure on the back of an organism.
• Ectoderm- Tissue layer on the outside of an
  organism such as skin.

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• Eukaryotic- the protective outside layer of an
  organism.
• Flagellum- true bacteria, prokaryotic
  single-celled organisms
• Fungi- cells that have membrane-bound organelles
  such as a nucleus.

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• Golgi Complex- a tail-type structure or a
  single-celled organism used for movement.
• Homozygous- a kingdom of multi cellular organisms
  that are decomposers, such as mushrooms.
• Invertebrates- cell part responsible for
  packaging proteins.

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Dominant- the trait that always shows up if it is
present as an allele. Dorsal- A structure on the
back of an organism. Ectoderm- Tissue layer on
the outside of an organism such as skin.
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• Lysosome- Cell part that breaks down old parts,
  contains digestive enzymes
• Meiosis- The reduction cell division to produce
  gametes
• Metaphase- The phase of mitosis where replicated
  chromosomes line up at the equator

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• Mitochondria- The cell part responsible for
  making energy by cellular respiration
• Mitosis- The process of normal cell reproduction
• Multicellular- Made of many cells

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• Nucleus- Cell part that contains the genetic code
  and controls cell functions
• Organelles- Membrane bound cell parts
• Osmosis- The diffusion of water
• Passive Transport- Movement of substances across
  a membrane without the use of energy

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• Photosynthesis- Making of food by plants
• Posterior- The back end of an organism
• Prokaryotic Cell- A cell with no membrane bound
  organelles, such as bacteria
• Prophase- The first and longest phase of mitosis

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• Protein Synthesis- The process of codons bringing
  the genetic code from the nucleus to the
  ribosomes, anticodons delivering amino acids and
  being assembled into a polypeptide (another name
  for protein)
• Recessive-The trait that is hidden unless it is
  homozygous

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• Ribosomes-The cell part responsible for protein
  synthesis
• RNA- The single strand nucleic acid that makes
  codons and anticodons
• Species- The smallest division of the
  classification system of organsims
• Symmetry- Matching body segments

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• Taxonomy- The parts of the classification system
  kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
  species
• Telophase- The last phase of mitosis during which
  the old cell divides into 2 new identical cells
• Transcription- The process of the codons reading
  the DNA in the nucleus

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• Translation- The process of building a new piece
  of protein in the ribosome
• Unicellular- Made of a single cell
• Vacuole- The cell part that stores water or food

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• Vascular- Contains transport tubes such as blood
  vessels or xylem and phloem
• Ventral- On the front side of an organsim
• Vertebrate- An animal that has a spinal cord