Animal Science and the Industry

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Animal Science and the Industry

• Unit B

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Identifying and Understanding the Segments of the
Animal Science Industry

• Problem Area 2

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Exploring the Beef Industry

• Lesson 1

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Interest Approach

• Invite a beef cattle judge into your classroom to
  talk about beef cattle. You may want to put up
  enlarged pictures of beef breeds to catch
  students attention. Have students come up with
  10 questions each for your guest speaker before
  he/she arrives.

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Student Learning Objectives

• Name the parts of a beef animal.
• List the common breeds of beef animals.
• Explain how to select beef animals.
• Identify types of beef production setups.
• Describe beef marketing options.

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Terms

• Cattle feeders
• Conformation
• Cow-calf operation
• Cutability
• Demand
• Dual-purpose breed
• desirable traits
• Feeder calves

• Frame Score
• Marbling
• Performance
• Polled
• Purebred breeders
• Supply
• Yearling feeders

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Objective 1

• Name the parts of a beef animal.

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What are the external parts of a beef animal?
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External Parts of a Beef Animal
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What are the Beef AnimalMeat Cuts?
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Beef Animal Meat Cuts
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Objective 2

• List the common breeds of beef animals.

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What are the commonbreeds of beef animals?

• Terms
• Polled
• born naturally without horns
• marbling
• desirable presence of fat in the muscle
• cutability
• amount of available retail cuts from the carcass
• dual-purpose breed
• traditionally used for both milk and beef
  production

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• Originated
• Northeast Scotland
• Most popular purebred beef animal because
• vigorous
• perform well in feedlots
• Polled
• Solid black or red
• known for their marbling

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• Originated in
• Charolais, France
• Pink skin
• White to straw colored
• Large breed
• Polled or horned
• Heavily muscled
• Popular crossbreeding

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P.O. Box 014059 Kansas City, Mo(816)842-3757
aha_at_hereford.org

• Originated in
• Hereford County, England
• White faces red bodies
• White markings on switch, underline, below the
  hocks, and on their crest flank
• Horned
• Easily handled
• Moderate Sized

2002 Champion Steer Shown by Jay Blake,
Brookston, IN
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Polled Herefords

• Started in
• Iowa by Warren Gammon
• gathered naturally polled animals and bred them
• Same traits as Herefords
• Eligible for registry in
• American Hereford Association
• American Polled Hereford Association

SSF Keysha 949 Shown by Kasey Herman, Skiatook,
OK
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www.NALF.orgNorth American Limousin
FoundationEnglewood, Co 80112 [phone]

• Originated in
• Southwestern France
• Wheat to rust red or orange colored
• Polled horned
• Long Shallow bodied
• known for calving ease
• also their leanness large loin eye area
• High cutability

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American Shorthorn AssociationOmaha, Nebraska
402-393-7200

• Originated in
• England
• Dual-purpose breed
• Red, white, or roan
• Horned or polled
• Short
• Docile
• Good mothering ability

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Bozeman, MT800-593-2778

• Originated in
• Western Switzerland
• White face is dominate
• Red white spotted or solid red
• Black strains have been developed
• Polled horned
• Rapid growth
• Thick muscled

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Houston, Texas713-349-0854

• Originated in
• United States
• Used in crossbreeding programs
• Light gray or red sometimes black
• loose skin, large hump over shoulder large
  drooping ears
• Resistance to disease, insects
• Tolerant to heat, rapid weight gain, quality
  carcasses
• unpredictable temperament
• Excellent ability to forage on poor range

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San Antonio, TX

• Originated from
• a cross between Brahman Angus
• 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Angus
• Polled
• Solid black
• Many of the same characteristics as the Angus
  Brahman

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Beefmaster Breeders United San Antonio,
TX210-732-3132

• Developed in
• Texas by combining ½ Brahman, ¼ Shorthorn, ¼
  Hereford
• Coloration varies but red is dominant
• Horned or polled
• very hardy and good milking ability
• Good temperaments
• Heavy weaning weights
• Rapid weight gain

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Objective 3

• Explain how to select beef animals.

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• Terms
• Desirable traits
• traits that are in demand at the market place
• Conformation
• the shape, form, and type of an animal
• Performance
• the ability of an animals to reproduce, wean,
  gain weight and stay strong
• Frame score
• measurement based on animals being observed and
  evaluated at 205 days

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• Select based on the frame score
• 1 through 7 scale is used for frame score
• Select based on conformation score
• 1 through 17 is used for performance score
• 9 11 below average
• 12-14 average
• 15-17 above average

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• No one breed is superior in all traits
• Decide on individual priorities select breed
  based on them
• Commit to good management practices
• diets nutritious
• comfortable living conditions
• monitor health concerns
• assess breeding stock

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• Choose a reputable breeder producer
• insure animals are free of diseases and genetic
  problems
• look at records of the animals
• determine if animal will profit your herd

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Objective 4

• Identify types of beef production setups.

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What type of production best suits my needs?

• Cow-calf operation
• keeping mature cattle to produce calves
• cows bred every year
• calves sold 2 ways
• Feeder calves
• weaned animals under a year old until sold to
  feedlot and raised to slaughter weight
• Yearling feeders
• calves between 1 and 2 years of age sold to
  another producer to feed out to slaughter weight

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Cow-Calf Operations

• Advantages
• utilizes pastures
• less labor intense
• low investment costs
• require little equipment facilities
• easy to increase herd size

• Disadvantages
• Large initial land investment
• long time in between paychecks
• budget feed, minerals, vet bills, and other
  expenses
• Price may be low when time to sell calves

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What type of production best suits my needs?

• Cattle feeders
• producers that feed beef animals to slaughter
  weight
• buy yearling or calves and finish them quickly

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Cattle Feeders

• Advantages
• production lag is only 4 6 months
• Quick turn-over time for money

• Disadvantages
• initial investment is high
• higher feed
• housing equipment
• more labor trucking
• fluctuating markets

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What type of production best suits my needs?

• Purebred breeders
• producers that keep herds for breeding stock and
  replacement bulls or semen for cow-calf
  operations

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Purebred breeders

• Advantages
• provides genetic improvements to herds
• Receive higher values for animals sold

• Disadvantages
• initial start-up cost higher for genetically
  superior animals
• time consuming
• record-keeping

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Objective 5

• Describe beef marketing options.

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Supply
• overall amount of product available at a given
  time
• Demand
• the amount that could be purchased at a given
  time for a given price

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Seasonal pricing patterns exists
• Several ways to market beef cattle
• purebred marketing
• local sales barn
• sell directly to packers
• Which one is best for you depends on
• marketing costs
• convenience
• market price

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Purebred Marketing
• done privately or auctions
• breed associations hold consignment auctions
• advertising expense
• payment of auctioneer

• Local Sale Barns
• convenient to buyers
• utilized by small producers
• selling fee is based on percent of sale or fixed
  amount
• cattle goes to the highest bidder

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Sell Directly to Packer
• large producers
• avoid paying commission or brokers
• 70 of slaughter cattle going to packers from
  direct markets

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Review

• What are the external parts of a beef animal?
• What are the Beef AnimalMeat Cuts?
• What are the commonbreeds of beef animals?
• How do I know what beef animals are better than
  others?
• What marketing options do I have with beef
  cattle?
• What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

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Number Seven