Our Vision

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• Our Vision
• A fair, effective and accessible system of
  international law that protects the global
  environment and promotes sustainable development
• Our Mission
• - To apply and progressively develop
  international laws as a means of protecting the
  environment, and
• - To broaden access to environmental justice
  through the rules and institutions of
  international law

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• Subsidiary of the International Institute for
  Environment and Development (IIED) since April
  2005
• FIELD remains an independent charitable
  organisation while sharing offices, core services
  and a Board of Trustees with IIED
• www.iied.org

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• What we do
• research
• capacity building
• advice and assistance
• Programme areas
• Biodiversity and Marine Resources
• Climate Change and Energy
• Trade, Investment and Sustainable Development
• www.field.org.uk

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Germany - List of ParticipantsCBD SBSTTA-12

• 156. Mrs. Nicola Breier
• Head of Unit
• International Nature Conservation Activities
• Federal Ministry for the Environment
• Godesberger Allee 90/Bundesministerium fur
  Umwelt,
• Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Robert Schuman
  Platz 3
• Tel [phone]
• Fax [phone]
• E-Mail nicola.breier_at_bmu.bund.de
• 157. Dr. Horst Korn
• 158. Dr. Mariam Akhtar-Schuster
• 159. Dr. Christoph Eichen
• 160. Ms. Cordula Epple

• 161. Mr. Uwe Fritsche
• 162. Dr. Christoph Görg
• 163. Ms. Sylvia Kürpick
• 164. Dr. Cornelia Löhne
• 165. Dr. Carsten Loose
• 166. Dr. Swen C. Renner
• 167. Dr. Uwe Schippmann
• 168. Prof. Dr. Stefan Schrader
• 169. Ms. Jutta Stadler
• 170. Dr. Konrad Uebelhör

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Global temperature change (relative to
pre-industrial)
1C
2C
5C
4C
3C
0C
Food
Falling crop yields in many areas, particularly
developing regions
Falling yields in many developed regions
Possible rising yields in some high latitude
regions
Water
Significant decreases in water availability in
many areas, including Mediterranean and Southern
Africa
Small mountain glaciers disappear water
supplies threatened in several areas
Sea level rise threatens major cities
Ecosystems
Extensive Damage to Coral Reefs
Rising number of species face extinction
Extreme Weather Events
Rising intensity of storms, forest fires,
droughts, flooding and heat waves
Risk of Abrupt and Major Irreversible Changes
Increasing risk of dangerous feedbacks and
abrupt, large-scale shifts in the climate system
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Food water security in Africa

• By 2050 rainfall may decrease by 10-25 in many
  parts of north, east and southern Africa and
  changes to seasonal patterns are predicted
• Cereal crops yields expected to decline (e.g.
  maize in SSA could be less than 20-40 1990
  levels by 2085)
• 50-200 million people could be at risk of hunger
  if CC not averted
• Extreme weather events currently devastating and
  will worsen (droughts and floods)

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UNFCCC Preamble

• Noting that the largest share of historical and
  current global emissions of greenhouse gases has
  originated in developed countries
• Recalling that States have the responsibility to
  ensure that activities within their jurisdiction
  or control do not cause damage to the environment
  of another States

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Principles (Art.3)

• Intergenerational equity
• Common but differentiated responsibilities and
  respective capabilities
• Developed countries to take the lead in combating
  the adverse impacts of climate change
• Precautionary principle

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Commitments (Art.4)

• Funding and action for developing countries
• Funding for adaptation in vulnerable countries
• Technology transfer

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Not (!) in the UNFCCC

• Obligation on all Parties to reduce GH emissions
• Polluter pays principle
• Per capita emission (instead of grandfathering
  approach)
• Insurance fund

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Human development report

• The average Japanese woman can expect to live to
  be 84. The average Botswanan will reach 39.
• The average European uses more than 200 litres of
  drinking water, the average US citizen more than
  400 litres. Most of the 1.1 billion people
  categorized as lacking access to clean water use
  about 5 litres a day.
• The worlds 500 richest people have an income of
  more than 100 billion (not taking into account
  asset wealth). This exceeds the combined incomes
  of the poorest 416 million.
• Eighty two per cent of the worlds smokers are in
  developing countries.
• More people die each year from suicide than in
  all the worlds conflicts.
• Income levels per head in Britain have risen five
  fold since 1950, yet happiness levels have
  remained constant.

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Centre for Environmental Policy and Law, European
Workshop on Environmental Justice, Budapest, 2003

• A condition of environmental justice exists when
  environmental risks and hazards and investments
  and benefits are equally distributed with a lack
  of discrimination, whether direct or indirect, at
  any jurisdictional level and when access to
  environmental investments, benefits, and natural
  resources are equally distributed and when
  access to information, participation in decision
  making, and access to justice in
  environment-related matters are enjoyed by all.

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Environmental Justice

• Substantive rights, distributive justice, fair
  share
• Procedural rights, procedural justice, fair deal

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Principle 10 Rio Declaration

• Environmental issues are best handled with
  participation of all concerned citizens, at the
  relevant level. At the national level, each
  individual shall have appropriate access to
  information concerning the environment that is
  held by public authorities, including information
  on hazardous materials and activities in their
  communities, and the opportunity to participate
  in decision-making processes. States shall
  facilitate and encourage public awareness and
  participation by making information widely
  available. Effective access to judicial and
  administrative proceedings, including redress and
  remedy, shall be provided.

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• Article 92
• Environmental Objectives
• 1. Government shall endeavour to ensure that all
  Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy
  environment.
• 2. The design and implementation of programmes
  and projects of development shall not damage or
  destroy the environment.
• 3. People have the right to full consultation and
  to the expression of views in the planning and
  implementations of environmental policies and
  projects that affect them directly.
• 4. Government and citizens shall have the duty to
  protect the environment.

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Challenges

• Legislation
• Compliance and enforcement
• Community interest
• Participation
• Foreign investment agreements
• Development v. environmental protection

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Projects

• Promoting greater citizen access to decision
  making in the natural resources sector in sub
  Saharan Africa (Legal Tools Project)
• Improving public sector accountability around
  decisions on direct investment in natural
  resources (Direct Investment Accountability -DIA)
• Evaluating access to information in the forestry
  and mining sector in Uganda

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International initiative for the implementation
of Principle 10

• Partnership of governments, civil society, and
  international organizations
• Implementation of Principle 10
• Voluntary commitments

• Coalitions of NGOs
• Assessment of progress in implementing Principle
  10
• TAI methodology