Lesson 12 Electrical Charge Carriers

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• Chapter 1
• Lesson 1-2 Electrical Charge Carriers

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Electrical Charge

• Concentration of electricity
• Everything contains electrical charges, which can
  be either positive or negative
• Electrical charges can be made to flow and do
  work in much the same way as water

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Moving Charges

• Electrical charges move through some materials
  more easily than they move through others
• Most materials are either conductors or
  insulators based on how easily charges move in
  them
• Example Jumper cables are made
  of metal, which carries electrical
  charges, and plastic, which keeps
  the charges away from a persons
  hand.

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Electrical Conductor

• A material in which charges can move freely from
  place to place
• Are attracted to both positive and negative
  charges
• Most metal are good conductors, some of their
  electrons are free to move
• copper, aluminum, mercury, gold, silver

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Electrical Insulator

• A material in which charges do not move freely
  from place to place
• Do not conduct charges very well because their
  electrons cannot flow freely
• Electrons are tightly held in the atoms of
  insulators
• paper, plastic, rubber, wood, glass

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• Conductors are attracted to both positive and
  negative charges
• Example Hold a negatively charged balloon next
  to a shiny metallic balloon.
• The shiny balloon didnt hold a static charge
  because the thin layer of aluminum on the balloon
  is a conductor. The charge flowed around the
  balloon, through the person, and into the ground

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• Electric Discharge - the loss of static
  electricity as charges move off an object.
• Charges that build up as static electricity on an
  object eventually leave the object
• Example - clothes stuck together by static
  electricity eventually separate. Over time,
  their electrical charges move to water molecules
  in the air.

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Electric Eels

• Electric eels do not electrocute themselves
  because fatty tissue protects their heart and
  brain.
• Electric eels are positively charged at the head
  and negatively charged at the tail.
• After discharging, eels need an hour to recharge.

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• All animals have electrical activity in them.
• Eels use the impulse to stun their prey, protect
  from predators, and detect underwater objects.
• Electric eels shocks can kill animals as big as
  horses. They are stunned, stop breathing and
  drown. Usually, small prey is stunned, such as
  fish or frogs.

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• The electric eels body contain electric organs
  with about 6,000 specialized cells called
  electrocytes that store power like tiny
  batteries. When threatened or attacking prey,
  these cells will discharge simultaneously,
  emitting a burst of at least 600 volts, five
  times the power of a standard U.S. wall socket.

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Bibliography

• Aldridge, Bill, Jack Ballinger, and Albert
  Kaskel. Science Interactions Course 3. 3rd ed.
  New York, New York Glencoe, 1995. 20-26.
• Champagne, Andrew. Electricity and Magnetism.
  Austin Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2005. 2-10.
• "Energy Kids Page." USA Government Department of
  Energy. Nov. 2007. 14 July 2008http//www.eia.doe
  .gov/kids/energyfacts/ sources/electricity.html.
  
• Maineri, Sarah, and Jeanette Wall. Electrical
  Connections. Nashua Delta Science, 2007. 2-6.
• Wicker, Crystal. Lightning. 2008. Weather Wiz
  Kids. 14 July 2008 lthttp//www.weatherwizkids.com
  /index.htmgt.