Human Populations and the Biosphere

1
Human Populations and the Biosphere

• Chapter 28

2
Chapter Overview

• Modern Society and Energy Considerations
• Pollution in Water and Soil
• Pollution in the Air

3
Urban Civilization

• All developed, urban areas consume more energy
  than is produced in the vicinity
• How do people consume energy, especially in
  cities?
• 106 kcal consumed in food per year, and consume
  100-1000 times more than this
• 1981 richest 25 use 80 of the total energy
  supply, while the poorest half used 12

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Results of Urbanization/Subsidized Farming

• Increased Productivity (10X) increased cultural
  energy-how?
• Lack of Diversity
• results?
• genetics of crops?
• Green Revolution

6
Feeding the World- A Complex Problem

• 10-15 million people starve each year
• Enough Food?
• What can we do?

7
Pollutants in Soil and Water Where do we dispose
of waste?

• Biodegradable
• CO2, sewage, fertilizers
• Nondegradable
• aluminum cans, plastics, glass
• poisonous (mercury and lead, radioactive
  substances, pesticides)
• Biomagnification of toxins

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Air Pollution

• Carbon Dioxide (315 ppm to 340 ppm from
  1958-1983)
• effects?

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More Air Pollution

• Sulfur Oxides
• Nitrogen Oxides
• Fluorocarbons

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