Clones

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Clones
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History of Cloning
1962John Gurdon claims to have cloned frogs from
adult cells. 1963J.B.S. Haldane first uses the
term clone 1979Karl Illmensee claims to have
cloned three mice
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History of Cloning

• 1983- Davor Solter and David McGrath fuse a mouse
  embryo cell with an egg without a nucleus, but
  dont get farther
• 1984- Steen Willadsen clones sheep from embryo
  cells

• 1996- Dolly, the first animal cloned from adult
  cells, is born.

Many other animals followed cats, dogs, cows,
etc.
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History of Cloning

• 1997- President Bill Clinton proposes a five year
  moratorium on cloning.
• 1997 - Richard Seed announces his plans to clone
  a human.

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History of Cloning

• 2001-Noah, a bull baby gaur becomes the first
  member of an endangered species to be cloned

This gives hope for saving endangered species by
cloning.
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History of Cloning
2002Clonaid, a biotech firm, and the Raelian
Movement, a cult that believes life on Earth was
engineered by visitors from outer space, said
they had produced the world's first cloned
human. Butthey never produced scientific proof.
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What is cloning?
Cloning is making a genetically identical
organism by nonsexual methods.
Weve been doing it with plants forever. Every
time someone takes a cutting of a plant and roots
it to make a new plant, thats cloning. The new
plant is identical to the old one and there was
none of that plant sex involvedno pollen, no
eggs, no seeds.
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What is cloning?
Okay, its not that easy for animals.
Only eggs can develop into new animals. But the
eggs nucleus has half the chromosomes you need
(because of meiosis). So you get rid of the
nucleus and put in a nucleus from an adult cell
of the donor.
Now you just have to get the cell dividing
(mitosis), and turning into different kinds of
cells (differentiating).
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Why clone?
1. Get lots of plants or animals with certain
traits.
2. Replace your best friend pet that you had for
18 years.
3. Replace endangered or even extinct species.
4. Produce stem cells which can cure human
diseases.
5. Have a baby thats biologically yours.
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Why not clone?
1. Difficultit took 277 tries to clone Dolly.
2. Clones seem to have other problemsshorter
lives due to heart, lung, kidney or immune system
problems.
3. Theyre never exactly like the originalyou
cant clone their personality.
4. Ethicsshould we play God?
5. Who decides who will be cloned?
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Bibliography
Bonsor, Kevin, How Human Cloning Will Work,
http//science.howstuffworks.com
1/24/04 K9Perspective, Pet Owners Store DNA for
Cloning, http//www.k9magazinefree.com/k9_perspect
ive 1/24/04 History of Cloning,
http//home.hawaii.rr.com/johns/history.htm
1/24/04