Middle and Southern Colonies

1
Chapter 6

• Middle and Southern Colonies

2
Lesson 1 The Middle Colonies

• Proprietor
• Representative
• Treaty

3
Read p. 188-189

• How did the Duke of York become proprietor of New
  Netherland?
• He received the colony form his brother, the King
  of England?
• How did the Middle Colonies proprietors hope to
  make money?
• By selling and renting the land to farmers
• Why did Penn call his colony a holy experiment?
• He wanted to start a colony where all Christians
  could live together peacefully.

4
Background

• Quakers faced great persecution in England.
  Between 1661 and 1685, at least 15,000 of them
  were imprisoned there.
• William Penn used his connections to the king and
  other government officials to fight laws that
  persecuted Quakers in England.

5
Read p. 190-191

• In what way did Penn contribute to
  self-government?
• He gave the Pennsylvania Assembly the power to
  approve or reject laws.
• In what ways did geography contribute to the
  growth of Philadelphia as a center of trade?
• The city had an excellent harbor roads were well
  designed and easy to travel.
• What was Poor Richards Almanac?
• A popular book by Benjamin Franklin containing
  stories, jokes, and sayings.

6
Colonial New York City

• Settlers of New York City included the Dutch, the
  English, free Africans, the French, and Jews from
  many European countries. The Dutch influence
  could be seen in the architecture and windmills
  found in New York.

7
Pennsylvania

• Pennsylvania became a trading center as well as a
  refuge for people seeking religious freedom. The
  proprietor of Pennsylvania, William Penn, had
  plans for his colony. He planned the government
  and the settlements. People came to Pennsylvania
  from the other middle colonies and from Europe.

8
Review of Objectives

• Britain captured New Netherland and renamed part
  of it New York the rest became New Jersey.
  Because their proprietors lived far away, the
  colonies were ruled by governors and small
  councils an elected assembly of colonists
  advised them but had little power.

9

• Penn founded Pennsylvania as a place where people
  of all religions could voice opinions and worship
  freely. He planned Philadelphia and worked for
  peace with local American Indians. Franklin was
  a publisher, scientist, and inventor.

10
New York and New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Purpose make money
Purpose religious freedom
Colonists not much political power
Colonists more political power
11
Benjamin Franklin Inventor

• Few people have had as strong an effect on the
  development of our nation as Ben Franklin,
  statesman, public servant, scientist, inventor,
  and printer. Typically, Franklins inventions
  sprang from necessity, improving the quality of
  life for him and for others. Many of them are
  still used today.

12
Invention
Improved Technology
Tabletop Chair
Combines chair and desk, for Comfort in writing
activities
Measures the distance a Vehicle travels
Odometer
Lightning Rod
lightning on a rooftop Carries the electricity,
through a Wire, into the ground
Lets people see up close and Far away while using
one Pair of glasses
Bifocals
Spreads fireplace heat more evenly
Pennsylvania Fireplace
13
Lesson 2 Life in the Middle Colonies

• Free market economy
• Free enterprise
• Laborer
• apprentice

14
Read p. 196-197

• About how many Presbyterian churches were there
  in the Middle Colonies?
• 160
• What made the Middle Colonies a good place for
  farming?
• Warm climate and fertile soil
• What did children do to help on farms?
• Cared for animals and the garden

15
Read p. 198-199

• What could colonists do under the free enterprise
  system?
• Colonists were free to make their own business
  decisions.
• What did young people do as apprentices?
• Apprentices learned important work skills while
  they lived and worked with a master of a trade
  for four to seven years.

16
Country
City
People lived and Worked on farms
People were involved In shipping and trade
Children cared for Animals and gardens
Children often became apprentices
17
Colonial Apprentices

• In the Middle Colonies, people who lived in
  cities and towns made their living as merchants,
  shopkeepers, and artisans. Young people became
  apprentices and studied with a master tradesman
  to learn skills they would need in business as
  adults.

18
Lesson 3-The Southern Colonies

• Plantation
• Legislature
• Refuge
• Debtor

19
Read p. 202-203

• Why did many plantations exist in Virginia?
• Virginia had rich soil suitable for growing crops
  like tobacco and rice
• Who could be elected to the House of Burgesses?
• Planters and other white men who owned property
• What was Cecilius Calverts purpose in founding
  Maryland?
• To provide a refuge for Catholics

20
Read p. 204-205

• Which American Indian groups lived in the area of
  the Southern Colonies?
• Powhatan, Tuscarora, Catawba, Cherokee, Waccamaw,
  and Guale
• In what ways did James Oglethorpe help poor
  people?
• He gave them free passage to Georgia and small
  farms
• What were some of the first rules Oglethorpe made
  for the colony?
• They could not drink alcohol, own slaves, or
  elect their own legislature

21
Virginia

• Some colonists in Virginia began growing tobacco
  as a cash crop. To do the work required to grow
  the crops, plantation owners relied on enslaved
  Africans. At this time the Virginia assembly
  made it legal to enslave Africans. This was the
  first such assembly of lawmakers in the English
  colonies.

22
Georgia

• James Oglethorpe and a group of settlers
  established a settlement in Georgia. Oglethorpe
  encouraged settlers to bring debtors to the new
  colony where they could better themselves through
  hard work. Eventually plantations were developed
  in Georgia.

23
Anns Story 1747

• Beliefs in a society change over time, along with
  the society itself. In this selection, Ann
  expresses a desire to learn about mathematics,
  classical languages, and medicine. In the
  eighteenth century, these were not considered
  appropriate or necessary subjects for a girl.
  Today, most Americans consider these appropriate
  topics for anyone to study.

24
Lesson 4-Life in the South

• Indigo
• Overseer
• Spiritual

25
Read p. 210-211

• Where did pitch come from and what was it used
  for?
• Pitch came from pine sap, and was used to seal
  and waterproof ships.
• What were the main cash crops of South Carolina
  and Georgia?
• Rice and Indigo
• What was Eliza Lucas Pinckneys contribution to
  South Carolinas economy?
• She developed a type of indigo that was much
  easier to grow
• Name some places of origin of the people who
  lived in Chares Town?
• England, Scotland, Ireland, France, West Indies,
  Africa

26
Read p. 212-213

• How was a plantation like a village?
• It might contain horses, workshops, horse
  stables, garden, and fields. Many people lived
  and worked on plantations.
• What did many indentured servants do after they
  worked a certain number of years to pay for
  their passage to America?
• They worked for pay or bought their own farms.

27
Read p. 214-215

• Why did many enslaved Africans die at an early
  age?
• They had to work extremely hard and had poor
  food, clothing, and shelter.
• In what ways did enslaved Africans create a new
  culture?
• They blended African and American customs,
  religions, and music to form a unique culture.

28
Enslaved Africans in America developed their own
culture.
Strong Community Ties
Importance Of Religion
Blended Customs, Language, And Music
29
A Southern Plantation

• The most successful colonists were the
  independent planters who were able to grow the
  most cash crops. An interdependence developed
  between British brokers and colonial planters as
  the tobacco, rice, and indigo business grew.

30
Servants and Slaves

• Although indentured servants and slaves supplied
  all the physical labor on large plantations,
  there were differences in how they came to be
  there and how they were treated.

31
Plantation Duties

• The people who owned and worked the plantations
  lived far away from other plantation families and
  from towns. Although slaves did most of the
  work, planters and their family members had much
  to do. Planters hired teachers to live on the
  plantation. Slaves, however, were not taught to
  read and write.

32
Slaverys Past

• At archeological digs in Virginia, archeologists
  have made many important discoveries about how
  enslaved people lived. Recovery of small,
  everyday items has offered clues to the customs,
  beliefs, arts, and activities of enslaved people
  in the Southern Colonies.