The Southern Colonies and The Commercial North

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The Southern Coloniesand The Commercial North

• Chp 3.2 and 3.3

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South - Plantation Economy
Why a plantation? Transportation options? Cash
crop Self contained Charles Town Population
diversity Scots Irish German -
plantation owners were top of society -small
farmers were most of the population -second
class role of women - indentured servants
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South - Economic
-growth of cash crops tobacco, rice,
indigo -large plantations dominate
economy -many small farms also -few towns and
cities due to agriculural lifestyle
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Slavery and the Middle Passage
-slaves would replace Indians and indentured
servants -Triangular Trade slaves-sugar-rum -Mi
ddle Passage -
Slave culture dance, religion -slave resistance
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The Middle Passage
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• The slave trade devastated African life. Culture
  and traditions were torn asunder, as families,
  especially young men, were abducted. Guns were
  introduced and slave raids and even wars
  increased.

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Cities Begin to Develop

• -most were port cities
• Boston
• New York
• Philadelphia
• Charleston
• -urban problems
• fire
• clean water
• waste
• poverty

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Industrial North

• -diversified economy
• -harsher weather conditions
• -food exports
• -lumber industry
• -ship building
• -iron making

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Industrial North

• --not as much slavery
• -crops required less labor
• -many house or dock workers
• -slaves had more rights than southern slaves
• -still considered less than human

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Industrial North

• --not as much slavery
• -crops required less labor
• -many house or dock workers
• -slaves had more rights than southern slaves
• -still considered less than human

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Womens Roles
-few legal rights -did many jobs on the farms
of the region -only single women could own
property or run a business -religion also
helped to make women submit to men
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Salem Witch Trials
-1692 - Salem , Massachusetts -Puritan community
standards being challenged -young girls accused
people of being witches -the accused named
other witches -witches were often
executed -trials later suspended due to poor
evidence
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Enlightment vs. Great Awakening
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Enlightenement
The thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment believed
that human reason could be used to combat
ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and to build
a better world. Their principal target was
religion
It began with the Renaissance or the rebirth of
creativity and spirit of ancient Greeks and Romans
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• The colonies may have been founded by leaders of
  various dogmatic religious persuasions but when
  it became necessary to unite against England, it
  was apparent that no one of them could prevail
  over the others, and that the most desirable
  course was to agree to disagree

Nothing more powerfully impelled the movement
toward the separation of church and state than
the realization that no one church could dominate
this new state.
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Enlightenment
--stresses the use of reason and scientific
method -John Lockes theory of human
understanding -human minds begin as blank
slates -led to many scientific
discoveries -Benjamin Franklin -also led to
increasing education
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Enlightenment
-Natural Rights life, liberty, property -Social
Contract an agreement between a people and their
govt to protect their rights -Baron
Montesquieu separation of powers in govt
The language of natural law, of inherent
freedoms, of self-determination which seeped so
deeply into the American grain was the language
of the Enlightenment, though often coated with a
light glaze of traditional religion, what has
been called our "civil religion."
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Great Awakening
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-a revival of the Puritan faith - Gilbert
Tenant- 1st sign of Grt. Awakening. Minister of
Presbyterians in Pa New Jersey
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Great Awakening
2
Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God evoked vivid, terrifying images of the
utter corruption of human nature and the terrors
awaiting the unrepentant in hell.
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Great Awakening
-George Whitefield Whitefield--and many
American preachers who eagerly imitated his
style--presented that message in novel ways.
Gesturing dramatically, sometimes weeping openly
or thundering out threats of hellfire-and-brimston
e, they turned the sermon into a gripping
theatrical performance.
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Education

• -rate of education higher in colonies than in
  England
• -religious purposes
• -establishment of universities Harvard, Colombia,
  Princeton, and Yale

Originally known as "the Log College," it is
better known today as Princeton University.