Fact Sheet

1
Fact Sheet 13A CAFO Requirements for the
Poultry Production Area

• By Karl VanDevender, University of Arkansas
  Glenn Carpenter, USDA-NRCS Don Jones, Purdue
  University and Peter Wright, Cornell University

2
Introduction

• In December 2002, EPA released new Concentrated
  Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) rules.
• Effluent Limitation Guidelines (ELG) define
  minimum technology standards.
• This presentation addresses require-ments for the
  poultry production area.
• There may be more stringent state and local laws.

3
Requirements

• Rules apply for capacities over
• Liquid manure systems
• 30,000 laying hens
• 30,000 broilers

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Requirements (contd)

• Dry manure systems
• 82,000 laying hens
• 125,000 broilers (Non-laying hen chickens)
• 55,000 turkeys

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Requirements (contd)

• No discharge unless
• Rainfall causes the discharge
• AND no discharge from storms less than
• 25-yr, 24-hr rainfall (existing CAFOs)
• 100-yr, 24-hr rainfall (new CAFOs)

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Requirements (contd)

• Complies with requirements on
• Inspection
• Monitoring
• Recordkeeping
• Mortality disposal

7
Compliance Checklist

• The following slides help determine if your
  operation complies with the new CAFO regulations.
• Remember there may be additional state and local
  requirements.

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Is my Operation a CAFO?

• If not, you may still have state and local
  requirements.
• If you do not know, see
• CAFO Fact Sheet 2 Do I Need an NPDES Permit for
  My Live-stock or Poultry Operation?

9
Meet Containment and Inspection Requirements?

• Requirements exist for
• Production houses
• Manure storages
• Feeding and watering areas
• Manure transfer systems

10
Discharges are Prevented?

• No discharges from less than design storms
• Design storms
• Existing CAFOs 25-yr, 24-hr rainfall
• New CAFOs 100-yr, 24-hr rainfall

11
Are There Weekly Inspections?

• Conduct weekly inspections of wastewater and
  runoff conveyances.
• Look for items that may result in discharges.
• Structural problems
• Leaks
• Other evidence

12
Depth Markers in Liquid Storages?

• Liquid storages
• Tanks
• Holding ponds
• Lagoons
• Have depth marker to
• Liquid levels
• Available storage
• Timing for pumping

13
Depth Markers Inspected Weekly?

• Weekly inspection is required.
• Electronic instrumentation is allowed.
• Automatic depth measure-ments and recordings
• Emergency warnings
• Visual weekly inspection is still required.

14
Storages Inspected Weekly?

• Weekly inspection is required.
• Manure, litter, and process wastewater storages
• If present, depth markers are read.

15
Water Lines Inspected Daily?

• All water lines are inspected.
• Drinking water
• Cooling water
• Leaks and spills can cause
• Additional contaminated water.
• Water loads above design loads on storages.

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Proper Mortality Disposal?

• Mortalities disposed of
• Promptly
• Properly

17
Problems Corrected ASAP?

• Rules do not specify a fixed time.
• The standard is as soon as possible.
• Potential discharges are considered a high
  priority.

18
Records Kept?

• Documentation kept on
• Inspection findings
• Corrective actions
• Records should be kept at least 5 years.

19
Additional Records Kept?

• Additional documents and records should include
• Design records for manure system.
• Any discharges/overflows from manure system.

20
Is Clean Water Diverted?

• Clean water
• Rainwater
• Snowmelt
• Potential sources
• Roofs
• Parking areas
• Any area outside animal areas and manure storages

21
All Manure and WastewaterRunoff Captured?

• Design and management should contain manure plus
  contaminated runoff from storm events.
• Runoff volumes vary by animal production system
• Confinement houses Little runoff
• Open lot confinement More runoff

22
Best Management Practices (BMPs)

• May not be requirements
• But can help to meet require-ments
• Appropriate for use
• CAFOs
• Non-CAFOs

23
Keeping the Clean Water Clean

• Keep rain from contacting manure, feed, or other
  potential pollutants.
• Manure stored outside of houses
• Dry storage
• Tarp covered for temporary storage
• Dry stacks for long- term storage

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Keeping the Clean Water Clean (contd)

• Liquid storage
• Tanks
• Holding ponds
• Lagoons
• Use clean water diversions where needed.

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Keeping the Clean Water Clean (contd)

• Surface runoff
• Berms
• Ditches
• Grading
• Roof runoff
• Gutters
• Drip trenches

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Treating and Utiltizing Contaminated Runoff Water

• Store and land apply contaminated water.
• Options
• Tanks
• Holding ponds
• Lagoons

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Inspections

• Weekly
• Storm water diversions
• Runoff collection structures
• Waste storage structures
• Transport systems
• Depth markers on liquid storages

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Inspections (cont'd)

• Daily
• Water lines
• Problems
• Recorded
• Addressed ASAP

29
Records to Keep

• Type
• Production Area component designs
• Inspection
• Problem corrections
• Mortality disposal
• Duration
• 5 years

30
Is Financial Assistance Available?

• USDA-NRCS has allocated money.
• Contact your local NRCS or SWCD.
• See also
• CAFO Fact Sheet 30 Financial and Technical
  Assistance Available to CAFO Owners/Operators

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Deadlines to Comply

• Complex compliance dead-lines
• April 14, 2003 for some provisions
• December 31, 2006 for others
• Refer to CAFO Fact Sheet 3 How Soon Must I
  Apply for an NPDES Permit?

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Summary

• CAFOs federally regulated
• April 2003 regulations revised
• By December 31, 2006, CAFOs need to
• Apply for a permit.
• Implement a nutrient management plan.

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Summary (cont'd)

• CAFOs must
• Perform inspections.
• Keep records.
• Properly dispose of mortality.
• States and local governments may require more.

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• Karl VanDevender, an extension engineer at the
  University of Arkansas, can be reached at
  kvan_at_uaex.edu, and Glenn Carpenter, an
  agricultural economist at USDA-NRCS, can be
  reached at glenn.carpenter_at_usda.gov. DonJones, a
  professor at Purdue University, can be reached at
  jonesd_at_purdue.edu, and Peter Wright, a manure
  management specialist at Cornell University, can
  be reached at pew2_at_cornell.edu.

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Reviewers

• The authors wish to thank Ted Tyson, Auburn
  University, and Susan Watkins, University of
  Arkansas, for their review of this fact sheet.

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For More Information
Environmental Regulations Related ResourcesEPA
CAFO Phone Line202-564-0766 http//www.epa.gov/np
des/caforule/To obtain copy of
regulations http//www.epa.gov/npdes/afo/statecont
acts/To obtain state environmental agency
contacts http//www.epa.gov/agriculture/animals.ht
ml/To obtain compliance assistance information
from EPA http//cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/contacts.cfm?p
rogram_id7typeREGION/To obtain EPA Region
Animal Feeding Operation contacts
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For More Information (cont'd)

• Land-Grant University Resources
• The local contact for your land-grant university
  Cooperative Extension program is listed in the
  phone book under "Cooperative Extension" or
  "(county name) County Cooperative Extension."
• http//www.reeusda.gov/1700/statepartners/usa.htm/
  To obtain state Cooperative Extension contacts
• http//www.lpes/To view the Livestock and
  Poultry Environ-mental Stewardship (LPES)
  curriculum resources

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For More Information (cont'd)

• USDA Farm Bill Resources
• To obtain more information about the Farm Bill
  2002, see the USDA-NRCS website at the following
  URL http//www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/20
  02/.
• You can also contact your local USDA Service
  Center, listed in the phone book under "U.S.
  Department of Agriculture," or your local
  conservation district.

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LPES CAFO Fact Sheets Available at www.lpes.org

• General Information
• 1 A Brief History and Background of the EPA
  CAFO Rule
• 2 Do I Need an NPDES Permit for My Livestock or
  Poultry Operation?
• 3 How Soon Must I Apply for an NPDES Permit?
• 4 How Do I Apply for an NPDES Permit?
• 5 What if My Operation is an AFO But Not a
  CAFO?
• 6 What CAFO Reports Must I Submit?
• 7 Alternative Treatment Systems

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LPES CAFO Fact Sheets Available at www.lpes.org
(cont'd)

• Production Area
• 10 CAFO Requirements for the Production Area
• 11 CAFO Requirements for Dairy Barnyards
• 12 CAFO Requirements for the Beef Production
  Area
• 13A CAFO Requirements for the Poultry
  Production Area
• 13B CAFO Requirements for Large Swine
  Operations
• 13C CAFO Requirements for Veal Operations
• 14 Pasture-based Operations Could Part of My
  Operation Be an AFO?
• 15 Liquid Level Markers for Uncovered Manure
  Storages and Lagoons

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LPES CAFO Fact SheetsAvailable at www.lpes.org
(cont'd)

• Land Application
• 20 What is Required in a Nutrient Management
  Plan?
• 21 What is the Agricultural Storm Water
  Exemption?
• 22 Land Application Setback and Buffer
  Requirements for NPDES Permitted Large CAFOs
• 23 Transfer of Manure or Wastewater Off Farm
• 24 Technology Options to Comply with Land
  Application Rules
• 25 Making Decisions about Application Rates
• 26 What Records Must I Maintain for Land
  Application?
• Sample Forms for Manure Application Records

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LPES CAFO Fact SheetsAvailable at www.lpes.org
(cont'd)

• Farm Bill and Financial Assistance
• 30 Financial and Technical Assistance Available
  to CAFO Owners/Operators
• 31 EQUIP Financial and Technical Assistance
  Available to CAFO Owners/Operators

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Funding

• This material is based upon work supported by
  the Cooperative State Research, Education, and
  Extension Service, U.S. Department of
  Agriculture the U.S. Environmental Protection
  Agency, the National Agriculture Compliance
  Assistance Center and the University of Nebraska
  Cooperative Extension, University of
  Nebraska-Lincoln, under Cooperative Agreement
  Number 97-EXCA-3-0642.