Diversity of Organisms

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Diversity of Organisms
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In this lesson, you will learn about

• The need of a classification system
• The classification of organisms into five kingdoms

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Organisms also differ in size, shape and
structure. However, there are also various
similarities between them. In order to study
organisms in a more systematic way, we need a
system for organizing and naming them.
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CLASSIFICATION
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Variety of Organisms
Can you find and name all the organisms in the
above picture?
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Diversity of Organisms

• Estimates of the total numbers of species on
  Earth range from as low as 3 to 5 millions to
  around _____ millions.

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This wide range of organisms is described as
diversity of organisms.
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Habitats
The place or natural environment where each type
of organism lives is called its habitat.
Try to match the following organisms with the
place where they live. 1. Shrimp
A. rocky store 2. Mushroom B. desert 3.
Penguin C. polar region 4. Camel D.
woodland 5. Hermit crab E. river
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Terrestrial Habitats

• Forests
• Grasslands
• Deserts
• Land

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Aquatic Habitats

• Oceans
• Lakes
• Rivers
• Water

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Classification of Organisms
To help identify and study organisms, biologists
sort/classify them into groups.
Organisms with common characteristics and can
interbreed to produce fertile offspring are put
together in a group called species.
Similar species are put in a larger group called
genera and so on.
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Classification of Organisms
The order of classification is as follows
Kingdom ? Phylum ? Class ? Order ? Family ?
Genus ? Species
Organisms in the same species share more
common
characteristics than those in the same
kingdom. That is, as we move from kingdom to
species, the organisms will share more common
characteristics.
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Once classified, members from each group can be
chosen as representatives for detailed studies.
Also, newly-discovered organisms can be studied
by comparing them to those organisms that have
already been classified.
Classification of Organisms

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Each organism is given a scientific name
according to the binomial system composing of two
parts the generic name and the specific
name.
Classification of Organisms
For example the scientific name for Human is
Homo sapiens
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Classification of Organisms
In one way of classification, organisms are
classified into two groups animals
and plants
What is the main difference between them?
(Hints consider their ways of obtaining food)
Plants make their own food but animals need to
feed on others.
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Animals vs. Plants

• Usually move freely
• Feed on others
• Stop growing at a certain stage in life

• Usually stay at the same place
• Produce their own food
• Grow continuously throughout life

However, the classification of organisms into
animals and plants is not enough. There are
exceptions and overlaps.
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Nowadays, biologists group all organisms into
FIVE kingdoms. This classification system is
based on

• Cell structure
• Methods of obtaining or producing food
• Movement
• Ways of reproduction
• Etc.

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The Five Kingdoms

• Prokaryotes
• Protoctists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals