N-3%20Omega-The%20Miracles%20of%20Today

1
N-3 Omega-The Miracles of Todays Nutrition. What
about future.?

• Dr. Ugur Gogus
• Middle East Technical University
• Vocational School of Higher Education
• Tel [phone]
• Fax[phone]
• gugur_at_metu.edu.tr

2
The very long chain polyunsaturated fatty
acids C18, C20, C22

• Health

3
? 15 12 9 COOH

• Alpha-linolenic acid (omega -3)
• 12 9
  COOH
• Linoleic acid (omega-6)
• Arachidonic acid 14 the highest double bond
  locant
• 20 total C
• 20-146(?6)
• Oleic acid 18- 9 9(?9)

?
4
? 15 12 9 COOH

• Alpha-linolenic acid
  (omega -3)
• 12 9
  COOH
• Linoleic acid (omega-6)
• Prostaglandins blood vessels
  blood circulation
• body functions

?
5

• n-6 omega PUFAs
• Linoleic acid(LA)
  Arachidonic acid(AA)
• PGE2 TXA2 Leukotriene B4
  IL-2 IL-6 TNF IL-1
• neutrophil
• recruitment
  immunosuppressive
  
• 
  free oxygen radicals
• vascular permeability
• platelet aggregation
• odema
• 
  thrombogenesis and inflammation

6

• EFA cholesterol cytochrome
  P450 Brain
• AA(n-6) steroid hormone
• LN(n-3)
• Dihomo a-LN(n-3) Sugar transfer
• CTH hormone
• LA(n-6)
• reduce
• PGE2 LTB4
  IL-2 IL-6 TNF TXA2 IL-1
• produce awakening
  neutrophil rec. Vasc.perm, platelet
  agg, odema
• 1 series eicosanoids PGE3
  Inflammation
• PGE1
  PGD2
• PGI3

7

• AA
• 
  AA/LN
• 
  
• 
  conversion rate
• 
  inflammation

dihomo a linolenic acid (LN)
8

• TNF
• n-3 omega restoration T-suppressor cell amount
• antiinflammatory effect
• 
  eczema
• 
  psoriasis
• rheumatoid arthritis
• IBD
• Chrons disease

9

• Stenson et al.(1992)/Hawthorne et al.(1992)
  n-3 Omega 5.4-4.5g
• Colon mucosa
• post operative healing
• 
  amount ???
• oxidation ???
• Vit E

10

• AA(n-6) LA(n-6)
• PGE2
• IL-1 LTB4 TNF
• OFR Hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis

11
AA(n-6) LA(n-6)

• PGE2
• IL-1 LTB4 TNF
• OFR Hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis

12

• n-3 omega oxidation(7.7 g/daily)
• Oxidation of red blood cells
• LDL oxidation (Nardini, 1995)
• No difference(Brude et al. 1997)
• Are n-3 omega fatty acids oxidants or
  antioxidants?

13

• Se, carotenoid Cancer
• Dietary fat Obesity
• Na Hypertension
• alcohol Stroke
• n-3 omega CHD

14

• n-3 omega(5,4 g/day) PGE2 thromboxanes
• thrombosis,fibrilation clot
  formation
• CH amount
• HDL

15

• Schacky et al(1999) 2 year follow up
• n-3 omega 3 g/70 Kg/7day
• LDL VLDL
• (Lu, Windsor and Harris, 1999)
• CH VLDL HDL (Rader 2003 Barbeau et
  al. 1997 Allman et al. 2002 Liu,
  Wallin Saldeen, 2001)
• Protein kinase C NO (Schoene 2001 El-seweidy et
  al. 2002)

16

• n-3 omega creatin phosphokinase
  MI
• Saturated fat(coconut) MI
• Nageswari,Banerjee Menon 1999)

17

• prevention in post myocardial infarction
• n-3 omega
• ischemia-induced aryhtmias
• lt3 g/day EPADHA GRAS

18

• n-6 omega n-3 omega
• PCB
• Linoleic acid
• endothelial cell wall
• Slim et al.(2001)

19

• n-3 omega NADPH oxidase
• Cellular protection
• Immun system defense

20

• Diabetes Mellitus plasma glucose
• fructosamine
• triglyseride
• LDL
• HDL
• NO
• IL-1 TNF
• n-3 omega LDL
• IL-1 TNF
• serum glucose ?
• (El-seweidy et al.2002 Gavia et al. 2003)

21

• n-3 omega
• Platelet aggregation
• bile flow
• kidney
• (Levy Herzberg 1996)

22

• EPA TNF
• weight gain (Fish oil soy bean Fish oil)
• tumorigenesis
• Colorectal cancer flaxseed
• Pancreas cancer fish oil
• soy oil
• olive oil
• PGE2 canola oil
• (Gavia et al. 2003 Gogos et al. 1998
  Barber et al. 1999 Gavia et al. 2003 Troyer
  fernandes, 1996 Denmark-Wahnefried et al. 1998)

23
Phospholipids PGE2

• Depression
• Stress
• Postpartum depression
• Alzheimer
• Parkinson
• MS
• Schizophrenia
• (Horrobin et al. 2002 Maes et al. 1993 Song et
  al. 1998Hibbeln, 1998 Edwars et al. 1998 Peet
  et al. 1998 Furukawa et al. 2002 Horribin et
  al. 2001)

24
Omega 6 / Omega 3

• 10/1
• 15/1 16.7/1
• 2.5/1 colorectal cancer
• 4/1 no effect
• 2-3/1 rheumatoid arthritis
• 5/1 asthma
• (Simopoulos AP, 2002)

25

• Flax oil 9 Sat. Fat 20 Mono Fat 17 Omega-6 54
  Omega-3
• Grapeseed oil 10 Sat. Fat 17 Mono. Fat 73
  Omega-6 Trace Omega-3
• Pumpkin Oil 9 Sat. Fat 34 Mono. Fat 42
  Omega-6 15 Omega-3
• Canola Oil 6 Sat. Fat 58 Mono. Fat 26 Omega-6
  10 Omega-3Safflower Oil 9 Sat. Fat 13 Mono.
  Fat 78 Omega-6 Trace Omega-3Sunflower Oil 11
  Sat. Fat 20 Mono. Fat 69 Omega-6 -0
  Omega-3Sesame Oil 15 Sat. Fat 46 Mono. Fat
  41 Omega-6 0 Omega-3Corn Oil 13 Sat. Fat 25
  Mono. Fat 61 Omega-6 1 Omega-3
• Olive Oil 14 Sat. Fat 77 Mono. Fat 8 Omega-6
  1 Omega-3
• Soybean Oil 15 Sat. Fat 24 Mono. Fat 54
  Omega-6 7 Omega-3
• Walnut Oil 16 Sat. Fat 28 Mono. Fat 51 Omega-6
  5 Omega-3Peanut Oil 18 Sat. Fat 48 Mono. Fat
  34 Omega-6 0 Omega-3Lard 41 Sat. Fat 47
  Mono. Fat 11 Omega-6 1 Omega-3Chicken Fat 31
  Sat. Fat 47 Mono. Fat 21 Omega-6 1
  Omega-3Beef Fat 52 Sat. Fat 44 Mono. Fat 3
  Omega-6 1 Omega-3Butterfat 66 Sat. Fat 30
  Mono. Fat 2 Omega-6 2 Omega-3Coconut Oil 92
  Sat. Fat 6 Mono. Fat 2 Omega-6 0 Omega-3Palm
  Oil 51 Sat. Fat 39 Mono. Fat 10 Omega-6 0
  Omega-3

26
a linolenic acid Fat content/a linolenic acid

• Fat content(g/100g) /
  a-linolenic acid(g/100g)
• Butter 83.2 1.20 69.3
• Lard 100.0 0.98 102.04
• Linseed oil 100.0 54.2 1.84
• Soybean oil 100.0 7.70 12.98
• Rapseed oil 100.0 9.15 10.93
• Walnut oil 100.0 13.5 7.40
• Olive oil 100.0 0.86 625
• Vegetable oil 80.0 2.40 33.3
• Almonds 54.1 0.26 208.07
• Hazelnut 61.6 0.15 410.6
• Walnuts 62.5 6.80 9.19
• Kale 0.90 0.35 2.57
• Lettuce 0.22 0.07 3.14
• Parsley 0.36 0.12 3.00
• Potato 0.11 0.02 5.5
• Cauliflower 0.18 0.10 1.8
• Spinach 0.30 0.13 2.31
• White cabbage 0.20 0.09 2.22

27
Fat content EPA(g/100g) DHA(g/100g)
fat content/EPA(g/100g)DHA(g/100g)

• fat content(g/100g)
  EPADHA(g/100g) fat content/EPADHA(g/100g)
• Eel 24.5 0.83 29.51
• Hering 17.8 2.72 6.54
• Sprat 16.6 3.23 5.14
• Tuna 15.5 3.37 4.60
• Salmon 13.6 2.86 4.76
• Mackerel 11.9 1.75 6.8
• Carp 4.8 0.30 16
• Sardine 4.5 1.39 3.24
• Swordfish 4.4 1.79 2.45
• Trout 2.7 0.59 4.58
• Halibut 1.7 0.51 3.33
• Cod 0.6 0.18 3.33
• Haddock 0.6 0.16 3.75
• Lobster 1.9 0.20 9.5
• Shrimp 1.4 0.30 4.66
• Mussels 1.4 0.15 9.33
• Anchovy 2.3 0.50 4.60
• Sardine 13.9 2.44 5.70

28
Which fish for high Omega 3 Consumer education
correct information
29
Which tablet nutrition for consumer health???

• Cinnamon
• Garlic
• Parsley
• Ginkgo bloba
• Tebocan
• Cumadin
• Aspirin/coraspirin
• Ginger
• Omega 3

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(No Transcript)
31
Infant nutrition/upto day 42

• n-3 omega PUFAs pyschomotor
• birthweight
• N balance breast milk supl.
  with omega 3 and its
  effect???
• (Woltil et al. 1999Hayashi et al. 1999
  Morley. 1998)

32
Omega meat industry

• Peroxide poultry fed with 8-12 fish
  meal (OKeefe, Proudfoot Ackman, 1995)
• No change lamb oxidative stress
• (Ponnampalam et al, 2001)
• Oxidative or nonoxidant or no change for meat
  products, which??
• Enrichment of meat products with n-3 O (Raes,
  Smet Demeyer, 2003)
• What about serum CH n-3O levels followed by
  consumption.??

33
No study on bone health!!!

• Only lenght growth
• rats, fed with n-3O
• vertebral peak load
• (Sirois, Cheung Ward, 2003)

34
Application points of n-3 O

• Aerospace industry
• Cardiovascular disease
  atherosclerosis, athrial
  fibrilosis, thrombose emboly
• Cancer (esp in gastrointestinal
  org.)
• Diabetes type 2
• Depressionstress
• Inflammation crohns disease, rheumatoid
  arthritis, asthma, MS, chronic
  glomerular disease, erythematiosus,
  eczema, psoriasis, IBD)
• Infant nutrition
• Pre/post operative periods in surgery
• Alzheimer

35

• Questions
• 1 What amount DHAEPA supl.
• for
• Which DHAEPA metabolic serum levels ?
• Initial n-3/n-6 omega serum levels in the patient
• The DHA/EPA amount in supplementation(from food
  or tablet)

36
Most accepted recommend? (by FAO/WHO)(Trautwein
2001)

• 5-101(n-6/n-3)

10/1 no effect 15/1 16.7/1 2.5/1 colorectal
cancer 4/1 no effect 2-3/1 rheumatoid
arthritis 5/1 asthma (Simopoulos AP, 2002)
37
Missing application points

• Boneskleton health
• Consumer education and correct dose
• Oxidation or antioxidation capacity
• Meat hygine and nutrition
• Sport industry
• Cosmetic industry

38

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• Many thanks for all of you for your
  participation and listening?
• gugur_at_metu.edu.tr