KARST STRUCTURES AND GROUNDWATER FEATURES:

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KARST STRUCTURES AND GROUNDWATER FEATURES
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1. KARST TOPOGRAPHY

• limestone, chalk, or gypsum base.
• Great sinkholes and caverns can form, caves. This
  type of rock can absorb water well (or have lots
  of cracks to accept water) and the water
  dissolves the rock.

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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

• basic chemical analysis H2O CO2 H2CO3 water
  carbon dioxide in atmosphere
  bicarbonate
• water falling mixes with CO2 to make an acid. The
  acid mixes with limestone to make soluable
  bicarbonate (in the water). This forms cave
  formations like stalactites etc. when the water
  evaporates.

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KARST STRUCTURES from very small to very
large
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sinkholes- fairly small holes that cave in
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Stalactites- ceiling icicle
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Stalagmites- ground spike
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Rock Pillar-when the two above meet to join into
a column of rock
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Karst's benefit to man-

• limestone is primary component in making cement
  caverns for tourism, Carlsbad NM, Mammoth Caves
  KT, Horne Lake BC.

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LIMESTONE QUARRY
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Carlsbad Caverns NM
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Mammoth Caves Kt.
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Diagram Karst Structures here
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Ground Water
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BASICS OF GROUNDWATER

• Zone of aeration where air pockets in soil are
  dry
• Zone of saturation where air pockets in soil are
  filled with water
• Water table the top of the zone of saturation
• Where can you find ground water????

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3) ARTESIAN WELLS

• a porous outcrop (like sandstone) is exposed in a
  rainy area, and then dips below the surface and
  is "sandwiched" between two layers of impervious
  rock (like shale).

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ARTESIAN WELL DIAGRAM