Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA

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Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA
Raphaël Moreno Observatoire de Paris-Meudon
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Planetary atmosphere science

• Composition Vertical distribution of species
• Search for new
  species
• Thermal structure P(T)
• Dynamics winds
• 3D mapping and monitoring seasonal variations
• ?Constraints on the origin and evolution of
  planets and the formation of the solar system

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Observations with ALMA

• HIGHLY IMPROVED
• Spatial resolution Mapping of species
  
• Sensitivity Search for new species
• Bandwidth Large tropospheric lines
• Spectral resolution Narrow stratospheric lines
• Line profile
  / Winds

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Mapping Planets with ALMA

• Apparent diameter
• Planets 2-60
• Satellites Pluto 0.1-1
• ALMA spatial resolution 0.1-0.01
• 0.01 ? (3-300 km _at_ 0.4-40 AU)
• biggest planets limited to low frequency

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Planetary and satellites atmospheres (DRSP theme
4.1 )

• Dynamic of Mars and Venus atmosphere
• 3D water cycle of Mars
• Chemistry of the atmosphere of Mars and Venus
• Composition and dynamic of giant planet
  stratosphere
• Search for broad line in the troposphere of the
  giant planets
• Chemical-dynamical coupling in Titans atmosphere
• Volcanism in Io
• The atmosphere of Triton, Pluto and other TNO
  objects

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Mars - Wind
CO Doppler lineshift (mm) Strong retrograde
wind GCM prograde winds ALMA 3D-maps of
winds and P(T) ? Constrains on the dynamic and
thermal structure
IRAM PdB Moreno 1999
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Mars water cycle
mm observations of HDO Probe H2O near the
surface ALMA 3D- field of water ? H2O gas/ice
interaction at different seasons
OVRO HDO 226 GHz (Gurwell)
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Mars Photochemistry

• H2O2 recently detected mm/IR
• ALMA
• 3D-maps of H2O2
• Search for new species
• HO2, H2CO, NO

JCMT Clancy etal 2004
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• VENUS
• Atm. CO2,N2 traces of H2O, S-bearing species
• mm/submm CO and isotopes,
• winds, HDO
• ALMA
• Search for HCL, H2S, SO2
• 3D-maps of CO, HDO
• ? Dynamics and thermal structure
• H2O spatial distribution
• Photochemistry

CO(2-1) Bulh etal 91
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Giant planets Troposphere

• Composition H2, He, CH4, H2O, NH3(J,S),
  PH3(J,S)
• mm/submm PH3(JS), CO(N)
• ALMA
• Search for new species
• PH3 (U,N), CO(U), isotopes
• 3D-Maps PH3, CO, P(T)
• ? Planets formation and evolution

JCMT Weisstein etal 96
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Giant Planets - Stratosphere

• Composition H2, He, CH4, H2O
• mm/submm CO(J,N), HCN(J,N)
• CS(J), H2O
• ALMA
• 3D-maps of CO, HCN
• Search for CO(U), HCN(U),
• HDO, Isotopes
• ? Origin of external water

JCMT- Marten etal 04
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• Titan
• Dense and cold N2/CH4
• mm/submm CO and HCN
• isotopes, HC3N, CH3CN, winds
• ALMA
• Search for more complex species
• 3D-Maps of nitriles
• Dynamics/photochemistry coupling
• Complement observations to CASSINI ?

IRAM-PdB Moreno 03
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Io

• Tenuous SO2 atmosphere
• mm/submm SO, SO2 and NaCl
• ALMA
• Search for new species (OCS, S2O, KCL)
• 3D-Maps detected species
• Atmosphere origin Volcanism/sublimation

IRAM-30m Lellouch 03
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Pluton-Triton
Tenuous N2 atmosphere mm/submm CO upper
limits ALMA Search for CO ? Atmospheric
Temperature
Pluton-Charon HST- separation 0.9