Health, Agriculture and Economy

1
Health, Agriculture and Economy

• By
• Andréa Martucci
• Julia Canning
• Caitlin Bragg

2
Defining Health

• World Health Organization
• State of complete physical, mental, and social
  well-being
• Haudenosaunee perspective
• Physical, natural, social, geographical,
  spiritual, and environmental aspects
• All interdependent of one another.

3
Goals

• To obtain balance between mind, body, spirit,
  culture, and earth in order to create a healthy
  place to live.
• To re-connect with traditional foods, medicines,
  and lifestyles.

4
Current Health Problems

• Health issues facing Haudenosaunee
• Diabetes, cancer, obesity, suicide, contaminants
  in the blood stream, substance abuse, paralysis
• Influenced by complex interactions between health
  risk factors such as
• social, spiritual, physical, mechanical,
  biological, chemical and genetic factors and by
  lifestyle choices
• Limitations

5
Preventative Measures

• Our community will focus on achieving
• Environmental health
• Adequate, appropriate and safe foods
• Safe and undisturbed settlements
• Suitable, education, income, employment
  opportunities, health services, social support
  networks and social environments

6
Community Approach

• Includes
• Nutrition
• Four seasons wheel, dietary needs
• Medicines
• Plants and their traditional uses
• Environment
• Protect land, air and water
• Education
• Prevention i.e. Nutrition, Addiction
• Economy
• Funding
• Culture
• Healthy mind and spirit
• Social services
• Aboriginal wellness program

John David Fadden
7
Agriculture Goals

• Sustainability
• Adequate nutrition for the inhabitants of the
  community
• Culturally appropriate food.
• Culturally appropriate means of appropriating the
  food.
• Restoring a more traditional diet for
  Haudenosaunee people
• Including traditional agricultural, hunting and
  fishing practices.
• Restore biodiversity and ecological integrity to
  surrounding area

8
Sustainability

• Before you ask whether it is sustainable, you
  must first ask Is it enjoyable? Michael Sacco
• Production which provides for the needs of the
  present generation without harming the ability of
  future generations to fulfill their needs by the
  same means
• Production which is adaptive enough to change
  with the people and the environment.
• Production that is enjoyable and culturally
  appropriate.
• Environmental needs of the land must be taken
  into account.
• Restoring biological integrity and biodiversity.

9
Sustainability

• It is, therefore, proposed that
• All game animals be hunted rather then raised.
• That the Otanabee River be diverted to a series
  of interlinking ponds in which fishing practice
  can take place.
• That new wild species be introduced and
  incorporated into wild cultivation.
• That traditional agricultural crops, such as the
  three sisters (maize, beans and squash) and
  Jerusalem Artichokes (also known as the Iroquois
  potato) be grown in designated agricultural
  areas.
• That supplementary non-traditional crops, such as
  hemp and Soya beans, as well.

10
Overview

• The model for the citys food production will be
  based loosely on some of the founding principles
  of permaculture (mimicking natural ecological
  communities). There will be zones of intensity
  which dictate what level of human involvement is
  needed.

11
Zones

• Zone 1)
• -Inside peoples dwelling.
• -Indoor plants and herbs which are most used by
  the individuals in the dwelling can be grown and
  used year round. (see picture of housing
  design)
• Zone 2)
• -Within the city (urban agriculture)
• -Rooftop garden, ground gardens and communal
  spaces. (see picture depicting city plan)
• Zone 3)
• -On fringes of city
• -Natural orchards
• -Dairy goats
• -Free-range laying chickens
• Zone 4)
• Dedicated to more traditional forms of
  agricultural and consists of five 40 acre plots
  located just outside the city limits.

12
Plot 1 2 3 4 5
Year 1 -3 sisters -3 sisters-Jerusalem Artichokes -soybeans -turnips and carrots -onions -hemp -3 sisters and soybeans
Year 2 -3 sisters and soybeans -soybeans-turnips and carrots-onions -hemp -3 sisters -3 sisters-Jerusalem Artichokes
Year 3 -3 sisters-Jerusalem Artichokes -hemp -3 sisters -3 sisters and soybeans -soybeans-turnips and carrots-onions
Year 4 -soybeans -turnips and carrots -onions -3 sisters -3 sisters and soybeans -3 sisters-Jerusalem Artichokes -hemp
Year 5 -hemp -3 sisters and soybeans -3 sisters -Jerusalem Artichokes -soybeans-turnips and carrots-onions -hemp
13
Zones cont.

• Annual production
• Jerusalem Artichoke 48,000kg
• Maize 20,218kg kg
• Squash 982,800 kg
• Beans (not including soybeans) 2,500,00 kg
• Carrots, parsnips and onions 294,720 kg
• Hemp seed 43,680 kg
• Soybean 48,000kg
• Any excess produce will be sold or traded.
• Currently exists a big demand for organically and
  sustainably grown produce

14
Zones cont.

• Zone 5)
• Wild/natural zone.
• Largest and most important
• Traditional hunting, fishing and gathering
  practices
• Educating young people about biodiversity and the
  importance of the natural world.
• Hoped that 40-60 of the communitys dietary
  requirements will eventually come from
  non-agricultural practices.

15
Hunting

• Primarily deer but will also include moose, bear,
  elk, buffalo and rabbits
• At first, numbers of animals will be too low to
  hunt within the grounds belonging to the
  community.
• Hunting parties can be sent out to other regions
  during the traditional hunting season.
• Local natural areas can be used as grounds for
  teaching children about traditional methods and
  the importance of maintaining an ecological
  balance.

16
Fishing

• Damming projects have disrupted the natural flow
  of the river and limited the volume and variety
  of fish species. Furthermore, the river is
  slightly
• Toxins moving up the food chain make most
  valuable fish will be the least safely edible.
• Necessary to by-pass the now damned sections of
  the river through a series of inter locking ponds
  and streams.
• Newly constructed water ways will serve the dual
  purpose of cleansing the waters of the river and
  of increasing the area available for fishing
  activities.
• In conjunction with the Ministry of Natural
  Resources, fish indigenous to the region will be
  reintroduced into the river and ponds.
• Will increase fish stocks and restore
  biodiversity.

17
Gathering

• Traditional plant species will be reintroduced to
  the local natural grounds
• Strawberries, tobacco and other food and
  medicinal plants.
• Already existing plants will be nurtured through
  sustainable gathering practices and low-intensity
  plant care techniques
• Wild cultivation
• Incorporating children
• Many wild species are already prominent in the
  area. These include
• Cedar trees, Spruce trees, Sumac bushes (can be
  used to make tea high in vitamin C)
• Sugar Maple trees (can be used for the making of
  maple syrup)
• Hickory trees (bark has medicinal value)
• Black Walnut trees (nuts are sources of protein
  and husks can be used as a natural dye)
• Apple trees (food), Wild grapes (food, drink and
  medicine), Wild asparagus (food)
• Edible fungi, such as oyster mushrooms (food)
• Various other wild edible weeds, grasses and
  roots (used for food, spice, and medicine)

18
Nutrition and Health

• A healthy diet for active individuals should be
  composed of 40 carbohydrates, 30 proteins and
  30 fats.
• Daily intake must incorporate
• 2,500 calories,
• 60 g (grams) of protein,
• 60 g of fat
• 400 g of carbohydrates
• 2400mg (milligrams) of sodium
• 1500 mg of calcium
• 300mg of cholesterol
• 5 mcg of Vitamin D
• 60 mg of vitamin c,
• 8 mg of iron,
• 200 mcg (micrograms) of foliate
• 2 mcg of vitamin B12
• Three Sisters provides these nutritional elements
  in almost perfect quantities.
• Hemp seeds also provide the body with these
  nutrients in similarly perfect balance.
• Soybean, egg, dairy
• Wild produce

19
Traditional Diet

• Based on seasonal availability.
• Late winter-early spring- fishing primary source
  of protein
• Late spring-fall- cultivated and wild plants,
  roots, legumes, tubers etc.
• Late fall-early winter- fishing and hunting
• Early to mid-winter- hunting (game animals
  primarily deer)

20
COMPARING ECONOMIES
Money is an unstable system of exchange
controlled by banks and powerful financial
institutions, which keep the world in a cycle of
debt and poverty..it holds no value in and of
itself

• Conventional Economy
• Exists as a system theoretically isolated from
  the natural environment
• Resources and land are considered to be infinite
  according to Ricardian principles
• Environmental and social costs of production and
  consumption are externalized onto the environment
  and society
• Growth and consumption must proceed unrestrained
  in order for the economy to be sustained

• Values/Principles
• Profits before people
• Individualism competition
• Accumulation of profits, greed, selfishness
• Hyper-consumption, excessive needs

21
ANOTHER OPTION
What is wealth, prosperity, progress?

• Sustainable ecological economies
• Exists as one subsystem of the total system
  which is the natural environment
• Works within the actual carrying capacity of the
  environment and natural resources
• Utilizes total cost accounting,
• Emphasis is placed on local production and
  consumption ,skills, knowledge, resources and
  culture
• Absolute consumption is minimized to actual
  needs

• Values/principles
• Ensuring that individual and community well-being
  and needs are met
• Social welfare, equitable distribution of
  resources, work production
• Co-operation, collaboration, community,
  companionship, sharing, communal ownership,

22
AN IDEAL ECONOMY FOR OUR COMMUNITY

• Will begin with the total re-evaluation,
  re-conceptualization, and re-construction of
  economy and its ultimate purpose
• Utilizes a sustainable/ecological economic model
  in which the primary directive is qualitative
  development rather than quantitative growth which
  increases human well-being and meets everybodys
  needs equally without compromising any ecological
  system or life force.
• Operates in a fashion which maintains and
  incorporates egalitarianism, equality,
  participation, transparency, non-hierarchy,
  consensus decision making and horizontal control
• Always looks ahead 7 generations into the future
  and embeds human activity into the web of life
• Allows for the community to be self-sufficient
  and autonomous
• Replaces the conventional economy and monetary
  system to the greatest extent possible

23
BUILDING A NEW ECONOMY

• Internal Economy
• A unique community currency will be created to
  facilitate exchange of materials, goods, and
  services in a manner that calculates everybodys
  time, skills and energy equitably
• Currency will allow for the accumulation of
  credit interest free
• Capitalist model is totally abolished, replaced
  by an exchange system combining community
  currency, bartering, gifting and sharing
• All exchanges/transactions of goods/services
  taking place inside the community will use the
  community currency unless direct bartering
  gifting or sharing is taking place
• Management, monitoring and recording of exchange
  system will be done in a democratic,
  participatory, transparent manner

24
A NEW ECONOMY (CONT)

• External Economy
• Any surplus or excess produced within the
  community may be exported to obtain money in
  order to purchase supplies, materials, goods or
  food which cannot be produced within the
  community or for emergency situations
• All out side money obtained will be pooled into a
  community fund, used for community development
  purposes or for individual or family purposes by
  exchanging with the community currency.
• All decisions made in the use of this money will
  be made by consensus by a democratic and
  transparent committee
• The community currency system will be promoted to
  other surrounding or distant communities to
  facilitate inter-community exchange, including
  the development of educational and skill trade
  programs