Chemical Formulas

1
Chemical Formulas
2
State Standard

• SC1. Students will analyze the nature of matter
  and its classifications.
• b. Identify substances based on chemical and
  physical properties.
• c. Predict formulas for stable ionic compounds
  (binary and tertiary) based on balance of
  charges.
• d. Use IUPAC nomenclature for both chemical names
  and formulas
• Ionic compounds (Binary and tertiary)
• Covalent compounds (Binary and tertiary)
• Acidic compounds (Binary and tertiary)

3
Test Prep

• Draw Lewis Structures for
• H2O CO2 O2 CH3OH NH3
• Using Lewis Structures, illustrate ionic bonding
  for Mg and 2 Cl atoms.

4
Write formulas for the following compounds

• Ammonium sulfate
• Barium bromide
• Calcium phosphide
• Aluminum sulfate
• Sodium phosphate
• Boron chlorate

5
1. Differentiate b/w class 1 and class 2 metal
ions.

• 2. What is the charge on
• Cu in Cu2Te3
• As in Mg3As2
• Co on Co2(SO4)3
• Write the names of the above compounds.

• Write formulas for the following compounds
• manganese (II)oxide
• lithium nitride
• chromium (III) sulfate
• manganese (VI) phosphate

6
Sponge

• What do all monatomic anions end with?
• Write all ions similar to sulfate and sulfite.
• Write the nomenclature table for ate ions when
  one and two oxygens are lost and one is gained.
• Write the formulas for hypofluorite, florate,
  fluorite, and perfluorate.
• Write the formulas for hydrophosphoric acid,
  selenous acid, nitrogen (VI) sulfide, and
  diphosphorus trinitride.

7
Sponge

• Write formulas for
• Hydriodic acid
• Nitric acid
• Copper (III) selenate
• Ammonium nitride
• Sulfur dioxide
• Triphosphorus pentoxide

• Name the following
• HBrO
• HIO2
• Cu3PO4
• (NH4)2SO4
• Ca3N2
• NiSeO4

8
2 major types of Compounds

• Ionic
• Covalent

9
Requires 2 types (ways) ofNomenclature
10
2 Tendencies Atoms follow when reacting

• Octet Rule (regulates how the groups relate to
  each other)
• Family Group (all atoms of the same family/group
  behave similarly)

11
Lewis Diagrams

• Used to illustrate simple covalent and ionic
  bonding in binary compounds
• Extend bonding to larger molecules without using
  Lewis Diagrams
• Be able to draw SIMPLE Lewis diagrams
• On Board

12
Octet Rule

• Atoms tend to react so that they achieve an octet
  of electron, i.e 8 valence electrons

13
Examples
14
Octet Rule

• Metals do this by losing electrons
• Examples

• Nonmetals do this by gaining electrons (ionic
  bonding)
• OR
• By sharing electrons (covalent bonding)

15
Ionic Compounds

• Class I Metal Ions
• (charge never changes)
• Group 1 2
• B, Al, Zn, Ag (diagonal)
• Ammonium ion

• Class II Metal Ions
• (charge changes based on anion present)
• All other metal ions

16
Class I Ionic Compounds

• Write name of cation
• Write name of anion

17
Examples
18
Class 2 Metal Ions

• Write name of cation
• Place charge of cation in parenthesis
• Write name of anion

19
Examples
20
Anion Table!!!
21
Ionic Compound Formulas

• Simple math on board.
• Apply to ion charges and subscripts, etc.

22
Covalent Compounds

• Writing Name
• Write name of least EN element first (use prefix
  if more than one atom)
• Write name of 2nd element using ending to show
  of atoms present and end with ide

• Writing Formula
• Write symbol of 1st element and add subscript
  indicating atoms present
• Write symbol of 2nd element using subscript
  indicating atoms present.

23
Study Guide for Quiz

• Make sure you can write chemical names from
  formulas like we did on two big packets we worked
  on.
• Make sure you know your polyatomic ions and how
  to use the nomenclature table to determine
  formulas of other polyatomic ions.
• Make sure you know acid rules well
• All of these are on the back of your ion list.
• Old sponge activities are good practice.

• Make sure you can write chemical formulas from
  chemical names just like we did on two big
  packets in class.
• Must know name and symbol of polyatomic ions and
  how to use nomenclature table to write formulas
  from the names.
• Know how to use periodic table and chemical
  family nomenclature to write formulas of other
  polyatomic ions in same family as parent ion.
• Make sure know acid rules and can work backwards
  to determine formulas.

24
Helpful Hints

• Chlorate ClO3-
• Phosphate PO43-
• Sulfate SO42-
• Nitrate NO3-
• Carbonate CO32-
• Acetate CH3COO-
• Hydroxide OH-
• Bicarbonate HCO3-

• -ide ion (no O) ? hydro-ic acid
• Hypo-ite ion (-2 O) ? hypo-ous acid
• -ite ion (-1 O) ? -ous acids
• -ate ion (base) ? ic acids
• Per-ate ion (1 O) ? per-ic acids
• 1 mole gas 22.4 L
• 1 mole __ 6.022 X 1023__