SPONGES PORIFERA

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SPONGES(PORIFERA)
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SPONGES CAN FIGHTPLASTIC DUCKS
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S C F P D
Ribosomal RNA tree
time
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SPONGES(PORIFERA)
10,000 species? All sessile as adults Almost all
filter-feeders Almost all marine, few freshwater
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How have such simple animals done so well?
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SESSILEADULTS
PROS Pre-empt space Energy saving
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SESSILEADULTS
CONS Have to sit and take it Dispersal left
to young
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Largest2 metres
Barrel sponge
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Never neatlysymmetrical
Barrel sponge
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Hollow,but no gut
Barrel sponge
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CLEAVAGE
SPIRAL RADIAL
Protostomes Deuterostomes
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SPONGECLEAVAGE
e.g.
MIXED ASYNCHRONOUS
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SPONGECELLS MOBILE
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SPONGEBAUPLAN

• Diverse, asymmetric, exterior

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SPONGEBAUPLAN

• Diverse, asymmetric, exterior
• No tissues (thus no organs)

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SPONGEBAUPLAN

• Diverse, asymmetric, exterior
• No tissues (thus no organs)
• Flagellated collar cells drive
• water through body

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COLLAR CELLSChoanocytes
flagellum
microvilli
other cells
jelly
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ANIMALSSISTERGROUP
CHOANOFLAGELLATE
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COLONIAL CHOANOFLAGELLATE
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SIMPLE SPONGE Asconoid
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COMPLEX SPONGE
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WATER FLOW BRINGS
Food Oxygen Sperm
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WATER FLOW TAKES
Waste Sperm Larvae
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SPONGEBAUPLAN

• Diverse, asymmetric, exterior
• No tissues (thus no organs)
• Flagellated collar cells drive
• water through body
• Supported protected by
• spicules

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SPICULES
Silica or calcium carbonate
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SPONGEGROUPS
Calcareous sponges Silicaceous
sponges Glass sponges Demosponges
spongin fibres
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GLASS SPONGE
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SOME DEMOSPONGESNO SPICULES JUST SPONGIN
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HABITATS
Calcareous sponges Warm shallow seas
Silicaceous sponges Glass sponges
mainly Antarctic Demosponges Seas
freshwater
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FRESHWATERSPONGE
A Demosponge
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ASEXUALLYPRODUCEGEMMULESdispersal in time
space
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MARINESPONGES
Asexual budding
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SEXUALLYPRODUCELARVAE dispersal in space
Self-mobile
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SEXUALLARVAE dispersal in space
Blastula
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SETTLEMENT
Gastrula
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SOME MARINESPONGES
Asexual budding
Sex