Health Care Settings and the Health Care Team

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Nutrition for Childbearing and Infancy
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Dietary Guidelines for 2000

• Aim for a healthy weight
• Let the Pyramid guide your food choices
• Eat a variety of grains daily, especially whole
  grains
• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily
• Keep food safe to eat

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Dietary Guidelines for 2000 (cont.)

• Choose a low saturated-fat diet that is also low
  in cholesterol and moderate in total fat
• Choose beverages and foods that limit your intake
  of sugars
• Choose and prepare foods with less salt
• Drink alcoholic beverages in moderation
• Be physically active each day

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TRADITIONAL CHINESE FOOD
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TRADITIONAL PUERTO RICAN FOOD
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TIPS FOR HEALTHIER FAST FOOD CHOICES FOR
ADOLESCENTS

• CHEESEBURGER VS. HAMBURGER (add tomato lettuce)
• MILK SHAKE VS. SODA
• BROILED VS. FRIED CHICKEN
• BAKED POTATO VS. FF
• ADD VEGGIES TO PIZZA

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DIETARY REFERENCE VALUES (DRVS)or DIETARY
REFERENCE INTAKES (DRIS)

• RDA Recommended Daily Allowance
• AI Adequate Intake
• UL Upper tolerable level
• EAR Estimated average reference

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CARBOHYDRATES

• Cheerios 20g/serving (3/4 cup)
• Pop Tart 36g/serving
• 1 milk 10g/serving (8 oz)
• Wonder Bread 12g/slice
• one ADA exchange 15 g

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PROTEINS

• 1 oz white meat 7g
• 1 oz fish (trout) 7g
• 1 oz lean beef 7g
• 1 qt milk 32g
• 2 T peanut butter 8g
• 1 egg 6g

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FATS

• Ice cream 14g/cup
• Cheddar cheese 9g/oz
• Butter 12g/T
• Mayonnaise 11g/T
• Whole milk 8g/cup
• Note 1 milk contains 2.5g/cup

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HYPERVITAMINOSIS (VITAMIN TOXICITY)

• Nausea
• hair loss
• dry skin
• anorexia
• ? incidence spont abortion with excess Vit A
• ? incidence fetal deformities with excess Vit D

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Food Guide Pyramid

• Milk, yogurt, and cheese group 2-3 servings
  daily (minimum 3 during PG lactation, 4 for
  adolescents)
• Meat, poultry, dried beans, and nuts group 2-3
  servings daily (5-6 oz) (minimum 7 oz during
  pregnancy)
• Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group 6-11
  servings daily - minimum 6 (minimum 7 servings
  during PG lactation)
• Fruits Vegetables any combination of 5
  servings (1 vit A source, 1 vit C
• source, 1 folic acid source, 2 others during PG)

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Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI weight (kg) / height (m2) or BMI
weight (lb) x 700 / height (in2)

• Below 18 ------Severe underweight
• 18-20-----------Low body weight
• 20-25-----------Normal body weight
• 30-40-----------Overweight
• Above 40------Gross obesity

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Weight Gain Distribution During Pregnancy

• 12 -13 lbs -- Fetus, placenta, amniotic
  fluid
• 2 - 2.5 lbs -- Uterus
• 3.5 - 5 lbs -- Increase blood volume
• 1.5 - 3 lbs -- Breast tissue
• 5 -10 lbs -- Maternal stores

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TEACHING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY
(recap)

• 300 calories over prepreg diet (in 2nd and 3rd
  trimesters)
• protein - 60 mg
• folic acid - 600 mcg
• iron - 30 mg
• calcium - 1000 to 1300 mg
• water - 8 to 10 cups

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TEACHING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING LACTATION
(recap)

• ? 500 cal over prepreg diet
• protein - 65 mg
• calcium - 1000 to 1300 mg
• water - 10 to12 cups

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TEACHING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DURING INFANCY (birth
- 12 mos)

• Breastmilk best source of nutrition
• Iron-fortified formula
• May introduce solids 4-6 mos

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CASE STUDY OB Nutrition
The client is a G3P2. It has been 15 weeks since
her LMP. She has gained 15 lbs with this
pregnancy and her hemoglobin is 10.8g/dl. 1. What
should the prenatal nurse identify as the
priority in this situation? 2. How can the nurse
identify the clients nutritional
problems? 3. What nutritional problems does this
client present with? 4. What foods should this
client include in her diet to correct her
nutritional problems?
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CASE STUDY INFANT FEEDING
An 5 month old infant is brought into the
well-child clinic. Weight is 6.2 kg. The mother
states the child consumes 6 oz of standard (20
cal/oz) formula every 4 hours. Solids have not
yet been introduced. Is the child receiving
adequate nutrition?
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CASE STUDY INFANT DEVELOPMENT CARE
A mother brings her 4-mo old daughter into the
well-child clinic for a routine checkup. She was
a full-term infant, birth weight 8 lbs, 2 oz,
length 21 inches. The child is breastfed. Her
present weight is 15 lbs, 8 oz, length 27 3/4
inches. 1. Do these measurements indicate
adequate growth? 2. If the mother asks about
adding cereal and juice to her daughters diet,
what should the nurse tell her? 3. The mother
next queries the nurse about offering cheerios
to her daughter. What is the nurses best
response?
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The End