Fundamental Word Structure

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Chapter 1-3

• Fundamental Word Structure

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Prefixes

• Pertaining to Position or Placement

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• ab- away from
• ad- toward
• ana- up
• ante- before
• cata- down
• circum-, peri- around
• endo- within
• epi- upon
• ex- out
• extra- beyond

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• hyper- excessive, above
• hypo- deficient, below
• infra- below
• inter- between
• intra- within
• meso- middle
• para- beside
• retro- backward
• sub- below, under
• supra- above, beyond

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Prefixes

• Pertaining to Numbers and Amounts

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• ambi- both
• bi- two
• centi- one hundred
• deca- ten
• dipl- double
• di(s)- two
• milli- one-thousandth
• multi- many
• nulli- none

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• poly- many, much
• primi- first
• quadri- four
• quint- five
• semi-, hemi- half
• tetra- four
• tri- three
• uni- one

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Suffixes
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• -algia, -dynia pain
• -blast immature cell, germ cell
• -cele hernia, tumor, swelling
• -centesis surgical puncture
• -cyte cell
• -ectomy excision
• -emesis vomiting
• -gram a weight, mark, record
• -graph to write, record
• -graphy recording

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• -ist one who specializes, agent
• -itis inflammation
• -logy study of
• -lysis destruction, separation
• -malacia softening
• -megaly enlargement, large
• -meter measuring instrument, measure
• -oid resemble
• -oma tumor
• -osis condition of

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• -opsy to view
• -pathy disease
• -penia deficiency
• -pexy surgical fixation
• -phagia to eat
• -phobia fear
• -plegia paralysis, stroke
• -plasty surgical repair
• -pnea breathing
• -ptosis drooping

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• -rrhage bursting forth
• -rrhexis rupture
• -scope instrument
• -stomy new opening
• -tome instrument to cut
• -tomy incision
• -trophy nourishment, development
• -uria urine

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Chapter 4

• The Organization of the Body

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Head-to-Toe-Assessment
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• abdomino- abdomen (belly)
• ankylo- ankle
• brachi- arm
• posterior- back
• osteo- bone
• bucco- cheek
• mast-, mammo- breast
• thoraco- chest
• oto- ear
• cubital- elbow

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• ophthalamo-, oculo-, opto- eye
• dactylo- finger
• illus- foot
• gingiv- gums
• manus- hand
• cephalo- head
• cardio- heart
• coxa- hip
• crural-, femoral- leg
• hepato- liver

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• pulmo- lungs
• oro- mouth
• musculo- muscle
• umbilic- navel
• cervico- neck
• neuro- nerves
• rhino-, naso- nose
• costo- ribs
• lateral- side
• derma- skin

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• cranio- skull
• gastro- stomach
• denti- teeth
• tempora- temples
• pharyngo- throat
• linguo-, glosso- tongue
• carpo- wrist

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Chapter 5

• The Integumentary System

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Prefixes

• ec- out, outside, outer
• ep- upon, over, above
• hyper- above, beyond, excessive
• hypo- below, deficient
• par- around, beside
• sub- below, under, beneath

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Roots Combining Forms

• cutane- skin
• derm-, dermat- skin
• dermo-, dermato- skin
• erythro- red
• hidr- sweat
• icter- jaundice
• kel- tumor
• leuko- white
• melan-, melano- black
• myc- fungus

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Roots Combining Forms (cont)

• onych-, onychi-, onycho- nail
• pachy- thick
• pedicul- a louse
• rhytid-, rhytido- wrinkle
• sebo- oil
• tricho- hair
• ungo- nail
• xantho- yellow
• xero- dry

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Suffixes

• -al pertaining to
• -clysis injection
• -derma skin
• -ia, -osis condition of
• -ist one who specializes, agent
• -itis inflammation
• -logy study of

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Suffixes (cont)

• -oid resemble
• -oma tumor
• -phagia to eat
• -plasty surgical repair
• -rrhea flow, discharge
• -tome instrument to cut
• -um tissue