Lecture 25, 01 Dec 2003

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Lecture 25, 01 Dec 2003 08 Dec Planning
Recap Conservation and Economics
(CH12) Conservation Biology ECOL
406R/506R University of Arizona Fall 2003 Kevin
Bonine
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A. Economics of Conservation B. Syllabus (for
Wed readings, grading criteria, article
summary) C. Naming the Creativity Forum 1-
Bionetworks A Forum on Conservation Biology 2-
Conservation In An Instant Seven problems and
seven solutions that you can start working on
today! 3- A Conservation Awareness Event 4-
Challenge yourself to be Earth Friendly 5-
Conservation Meets Creativity The message of
biodiversity comes in many forms
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Exam 3
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Conservation Meets Creativity
DRAFT WED
Half Page handout for 08 Dec. (Christopher,
Bridget, Amy, Leonides are liasons) Choose leader
to work with other groups (see above) Project
and presentation title (all are emailing KEB,
then vote) Your display needs (table?, computer?,
vertical surface, pins, tape, etc.) Help with
tables, display boards, etc. (time slot folks
will contribute) Time slots to be filled
(8-1?) -Sign up sheet passed around (see next
slide) Creativity Project Grading Criteria (to be
posted with project) -Turn in on Wed. 03 Dec. as
well Advertising Flier ideas (Cori Carveth is
working on this and an informational
email) Wildcat? (Ben Joslin dealing with ads and
reporter) Refreshments? (many people bringing
hand-holdable edibles) Suggestion and Feedback
box (Dana Backer) Laptop with Ecological
Footprint (Cori Carveth) Numbers for each entry,
Grading sheets, (KEB will bring) Slide Projector
for Jenna (KEB will order)
DRAFT TUES?
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Monday 08 December Schedule, Forbes Lobby (all
are welcome to assist at anytime) 800 -
900 Please bring and set up your presentation
820 - 900 Display boards delivered, need to
be put together 1020 or 1030 Main unveiling
and presentation Aid and attendance 8-9 Ben,
Bridget, Louise 9-10 Lauren, Galia,
Amy 10-1115 406R,506R everyone (need to
grade all presentations including your
own) 11-12 Ginny, Jordana, Meghan 12-13 Jenna,
Cori, Galia
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Economics of Conservation Van Dyke Ch 12
1. Role of Human Population Growth 2.
Neoclassical Economics 3. Externalities ? 4.
Environmental Economics etc. 5. Genuine Progress
Indicator 6. Examples
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VanDyke 2003
Exponential Growth
Human Population Growth
Ricklefs 2001
Logistic Growth
Ricklefs 2001
Ricklefs 2001
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Role of Human Population Growth
1 million people added every 5 days
1-6
Miller, 2003
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Role of Human Population Growth
Demographic Transition
Most developing countries
harsh
Most developed countries (and U.S.)
Much of Europe
Miller, 2003
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Age Structure Diagrams - note age of
reproduction - currently 30 under 15 (1.7
billion)
Miller, 2003 your Fig 5-9
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I P A T
Developed Countries 1.2 billion people
(19) high average per capita purchasing
power have 85 worlds wealth use 88 natural
resources generate 75 waste and
pollution Developing Countries 81 of
the people have 15 worlds wealth use 12
worlds natural resources produce 25 waste and
pollution
(impact of each unit of consumption)
Environmental Impact Population x Affluence X
Technology
(of a society)
(consumption per person)
Poor parents in a developing country need to have
70-200 children to equal the impact of 2 U.S.
children
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Relevant Laws
- Law of Conservation of Matter all atoms
conserved there is no away
- First Law of Thermodynamics energy neither
created or destroyed, but may be converted
from one form to another
- Second Law of Thermodynamics when energy
changed from one form to another, some of the
useful energy degraded to low quality,
dispersed, less useful energy (usually lost as
heat entropy)
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Traditional Neoclassical Economics (Miller 2003)
Economy system of production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services Driven by
wants and needs of govt, society, individuals
Decisions about A. what goods and services B. how
produce C. how much D. how distribute are made
by individuals, governments, businesses
Use resources A. natural B. human C.
financial D. manufactured to make goods and
services
Supply and Demand
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Traditional Neoclassical Economics (Miller 2003)
Command (government)
Free Market (markets competition information
full cost pricing)
Capitalist Market System
monopoly global free trade govt subisidies/tax
breaks/insurance withhold information maximize
profits (pass costs to others, future)
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Traditional Neoclassical Economics (Miller 2003)
Government Intervention
-Prevent monopolies -Dampen boom and bust
cycles -Basic services -Social security,
welfare -Stem fraud and other crime -Disaster
relief -Protect common-property resources -Manage
public lands -etc.
Bush Tax Cuts Mean tax savings to top 1 over 4
years 103,999
to bottom 20 45 Percent of tax benefits
accruing to bottom 60 8.5 to top 1 38.9
of benefits (Utne Reader Nov-Dec 2003)
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Internal Market Costs vs. Externalities
-External to Market Forces -Noise
-Pollution -Acid rain -Erosion -Global
Warming -Eutrophication -Disease
-Asthma -Birth Defects -Behavior and
Intelligence
VanDyke, 2003
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(No Transcript)
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Pollution (marginal costs, marginal benefits)
14-5 Miller 2003
14-6 Miller 2003
Education example...
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Blaustein
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Fossil Fuels -Oil -Natural Gas -Coal
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) - 1/5
land in wildlife refuge system - 19 chance of
finding enough oil to supply U.S. for 24
months - Persian Gulf oil cheaper - lots oil
spills likely - pipelines vulnerable - fragile
tundra - impact acreage - fuel efficiency
better route
Miller, 2003
oil
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Natural gas
Fossil Fuels -Oil -Natural Gas -Coal
coal
Miller, 2003
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Nuclear Energy
Accidents catastrophic sabotage?
Chernobyl, Three-Mile Island What to do
with Radioactive Waste? - 10k-240k years -
bury it (ground) - bury it (ice) - bury it
(ocean) - shoot into space - descending
subduction zones Yucca Mountain, NV - leaks,
faults, volcanoes - 6 shipments/day for 30
years Nuclear Weapons
Miller, 2003
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-Tragedy of the Commons e.g., grazing,
fishing -Market Failure
VanDyke, 2003
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14-1 Miller 2003
Conventional Neoclassical Economics

• Private Property
• Economic Growth always good
• -Allocate based on price
• -More always better for an individual
• (utility curves)

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Return to pre-neoclassical ideas
Ecological or Environmental Economics
14-2 Miller 2003
Scavengers are key we cant really throw things
away.
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1700
2000
Overwhelm?
VanDyke, 2003
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What is the purpose of the economic system? -to
what end all of this wealth? Ultimate value
beyond market?
0-Classical Economics 1-Environmental Economics
(catch-all term, think cyclically) 2-Steady-State
Economics (John Stuart Mill 1700s, Herman E.
Daly) - in out - Virtue and character higher
goals than material wealth. 3-Sustainable
Development (Lester Brown) - do away with many
subsidies - replace income tax with
environmental tax Stocks and Flows, ?
Entropy Nicolas Georges-Roegen a Cadillac now
means fewer human lives later
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Natural Capital and Natural Resources -everythi
ng flowing in natural economy and human economy
Miller, 2003
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Economic Growth vs. Development -efficiency,
sophistication, utility Nonrival (air to
breathe) or nonexclusive goods (UV protection
from ozone) -Producer Pays/Polluter
Pays -Dramatically less waste (packaging,
scrubber sludge) -Taxation/Subsidies -Pollution
Rights -Precautionary Principle
-Insurance Government strategies and
regulation -Stable, democratic government
required?
Product itself
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END