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Political foundations

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La libert politique garantie la libert conomique donc le ... Everyone must obey natural laws of god. Therefore morally right to rebel against tyrants ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Political foundations


1
Political foundations
  • Commerçants paisibles, préoccupés de leur confort
    et succès de leurs affaires
  • La liberté politique garantie la liberté
    économique donc le droit damasser et de réussir
    mieux que les autres
  • De la Démocracie en AmériqueAlexis de Tocqueville

2
Socio-political tensions
North IndustrializationProtectionism
West egalitarianismcommunitarianism
EastEstablishment
South HierachySlave-based agricultureFree-trade
3
Key motives for independence
  • Taxation
  • Representation

4
Declaration of Independence -We the people
  • Principles
  • Locke, Montesquieu, RousseauSocial Contract,
    Natural justice, balance of powers
  • Greivances towards British rule

5
Declaration of Independence -We the people
  • Everyone must obey natural laws of god
  • Therefore morally right to rebel against tyrants
  • gtManifest destiny, Americans are the chosen ones
    to accomplish gods mission on Earth
  • Inherent human right - the pursuit of happiness
  • We the people - elite businessmen, 15 are
    slaveowners
  • All men are created equal (blacks
    excluded)political equality for white male
    landowners
  • Delegation of rights to political representation
  • Government responsible to citizens
  • Private Property slaves

6
Articles of Confederation 1776
  • Ratified in 1781
  • No national spirit
  • All powers not specifically given to Federal
    Government belong to States
  • Unanimous decision of states representatives
    required
  • Absence of centralized government
  • Trade barriers, taxation and financial problems,
    indeividual state money
  • Protect interests of businessmen from popular
    uprising

7
Constitution 1787
  • Short, philosphical principles, vague on how to
    interpret them
  • Supreme authority Federal or States?
  • Government expanded out of Constitution
  • Seperation of Powers? Seperate institutions
    sharing power
  • Checks and Balances avoid abuse of power at the
    cost of efficiency

8
Constitution Branches of Federal government
  • Legislative Bicameral congress 1/2 of
    constitution
  • House of Representatives
  • Senate (originally chosen by State Legislature)
  • Elastic Clause
  • Executive
  • Cabinet absent
  • Independant Judicial Branch

9
Levels of government
  • Federal all powers not specifically given to
    Federal government belong to state
  • State health, public order, education each
    fixes it own laws
  • (shared taxation, police)
  • States must respect other states rights all
    states equal
  • Local

10
Amendments to Constitution
  • 1-10 Bill of Rights
  • Evolution of constitution
  • Conjectural amendments
  • 13th abolishes slavery
  • 14th protects individuals right to life,
    liberty or right to own property, garanties
    equal protection under the llaw
  • Institutional amendments
  • 17th 1913 Senators elected by direct suffrage
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