First Aid Procedures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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First Aid Procedures

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Chest pain. Amputation. Back/neck/head injury. Burns to large area of ... Check for drainage or foreign bodies. Notify parent. Do not remove foreign bodies ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: First Aid Procedures


1
First Aid Procedures
  • SUSAN EFTING RN,BSN
  • SCHOOL NURSE
  • PATRICK HENRY HIGH SCHOOL

2
Objectives
  • By the end of this in-service you will be able to
    identify the appropriate actions to take for
  • bleeding wounds
  • fractures and sprains
  • eye injuries
  • heat related illnesses

3
General Rules of First Aid
  • Stay calm
  • Be prepared
  • Use universal precautions

4
Universal Precautions
  • Handwashing
  • Gloves
  • Trash Disposal

Sharps
5
Examples of Serious Injury/Illness
  • No breathing or pulse
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Chest pain
  • Amputation
  • Back/neck/head injury
  • Burns to large area of body
  • Penetrating injury
  • Snake bite
  • Eye injury
  • Prolonged seizures
  • Allergic reactions
  • Hemorrhage
  • Poison ingestion
  • Heatstroke

6
Serious Injury or Illness
  • Do not move the patient until he or she has been
    assessed
  • Notify nurse (if on site), or principal
  • Render first aid according to district policy
  • Notify parent/guardian
  • Nurse or principal should determine the need to
    activate 911

7
If Unconscious
  • Assess ABCs
  • Airway position the patient to open it
  • Breathing if absent, give mouth-to-mouth
  • Circulation check for pulse, if absent, start
    CPR make sure 911 has been called

8
Cuts and Abrasions
  • Cleanse wound with antiseptic or soap water
  • Apply dressing if wound is bleeding
  • Do not cover puncture wounds
  • Depending on severity, notify parent and refer
    for medical care

9
Animal Bites
  • Cleanse wound thoroughly with soap and running
    water for 5 minutes
  • Apply dressing only to control bleeding
  • Notify parent for referral to physician
  • Notify Animal Control if appropriate

10
Human Bites
  • Wash with soap and running water for 5
    minutes
  • Do not cover unless it is bleeding
  • Notify parent and recommend medical follow-up

11
Snake Bites
  • Transport to hospital at once
  • Have patient lie down keep calm
  • Keep at or below heart level
  • Apply broad, firm constrictive bandage over bite
    area around limb
  • Splint extremity to minimize movement
  • Do NOT apply ice

12
Bee Sting
  • If stinger is present, scrape it away
  • Apply ice for 5-15 minutes
  • Monitor for 1 hour
  • Apply baking soda paste to area
  • Check for history of allergy
  • Notify parent of event
  • Administer Benadryl suspension according to
    childs age/weight

13
Bee Sting -Anaphylaxis
  • Rapid onset (15 60 minutes)
  • Signs/symptoms
  • Trouble breathing
  • Weakness
  • Feelings of anxiety
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Anaphylactic shock

14
Bee Sting Protocol Anaphylaxis treatment
  • Call 911 students parent
  • Nurse to administer Epinephrine 11000
  • Monitor vital signs every 5 minutes
  • Transport to emergency room for further treatment

15
Bleeding Wounds
  • Apply direct pressure via bandage and/or pressure
    points
  • Elevate the injured part unless fracture is
    suspected
  • Treat for shock and follow serious injury routine
    as appropriate

16
Nosebleeds
  • Have patient sit with head slightly forward
  • Apply firm pressure to lower portion of nose for
    at least 5 minutes
  • Advise against nose blowing and active play for
    24 hours
  • Notify parent of prolonged bleeding (gt20 minutes)

17
Blisters
  • Do not open or break the blister
  • If open, cleanse with antiseptic and apply
    dressing
  • If closed, may apply bandage to protect from
    further injury

18
Burns
  • Apply cool water for 15-30 minutes
  • Do not apply ice
  • Do not apply ointment, butter or salve
  • Do not open blisters
  • Apply dry dressing
  • Refer for treatment as indicated

19
Ear Problems
  • Do not apply heat or cold to the ear
  • Check temperature for fever
  • Check for drainage or foreign bodies
  • Notify parent
  • Do not remove foreign bodies

20
Eye Foreign Body
  • Flush with clear, tepid water for at least
    5 minutes
  • Do not attempt to remove embedded objects
  • If pain persists, notify parent advise
    immediate medical care

21
Eye Chemical Burn
  • Irrigate immediately with large amounts of clear,
    tepid water for at least 30 minutes
  • Cover eye with sterile dressing
  • Refer for immediate medical care send with
    information on chemical type

22
Eye - Contusion
  • If blurred vision, loss of vision, or pain with
    movement of eye obtain immediate medical
    attention
  • Apply cold compress

23
Eye - Penetrating Injury
  • DO NOT WASH EYE OR ATTEMPT TO REMOVE OBJECT
  • Cover both eyes loosely with sterile dressing
  • Keep patient quiet move via stretcher
  • Obtain immediate medical attention

24
Fainting/Dizziness
  • Have patient lie down with feet elevated
  • Keep airway open
  • Rest until recovered
  • Refer as indicated
  • Do not use aromatic ammonia

25
Fractures
  • Immobilize injured part
  • Do not attempt to straighten deformity
  • Apply ice to decrease swelling
  • Elevate if possible
  • If spine or skull fracture is suspected, call
    911 do not move the patient
  • Complete accident report

26
Head Injury
  • Keep patient lying down
  • Monitor for at least 30 minutes
  • Follow serious injury routine as necessary
  • Notify parent, provide head injury information
    sheet refer for medical care if indicated
  • Watch for change in level of consciousness,
    blurred vision, bleeding from facial orifices,
    unequal pupils, trouble breathing, vomiting

27
Poisons
  • Identify poison, amount consumed and time of
    ingestion
  • Call Poison Control at (800)876-4766 follow
    their directions
  • Send bottle of poison and vomitus, if any, with
    child to hospital

28
Seizures
  • Position patient on side and maintain open airway
  • Do not insert anything in patients mouth
  • Prevent self-injury to patient
  • Allow rest period after seizure subsides
  • Notify parent refer for medical care when
    indicated
  • Call 911 if seizure activity is continuous or
    non-subsiding

29
Shock
  • Pale, cool, clammy skin, restless, thirsty or
    nauseated
  • Have patient lie down with feet elevated
  • Cover to maintain body temperature
  • Notify parent and refer for medical care

30
Skin Conditions
  • If draining or weeping, cover with dressing
  • If contagion is suspected, exclude from school,
    notify parent and refer to physician

31
Splinters
  • Remove only if readily accessible
  • Apply antiseptic to wound
  • If deeply imbedded, notify parent advise
    physician visit

32
Sprains
  • Treat as fractures until diagnosed
  • Rest
  • Ice apply cold compress
  • Compression elastic bandage
  • Elevate the injured part
  • Notify parent as indicated

33
Swallowed Foreign Bodies
  • Assess for choking
  • If unable to cough, speak or breathe, administer
    Heimlich maneuver
  • If unsuccessful, activate 911 and continue
    Heimlich maneuver
  • If not choking, notify parent refer for medical
    care

34
Teeth
  • Toothache refer for dental care
  • Lost baby tooth use gauze to stop bleeding
  • Lost permanent tooth place tooth in whole milk,
    students saliva or warm salt water refer for
    immediate dental care

35
Heat Exhaustion
  • Signs/symptoms
  • Cool, clammy skin
  • Weak, nausea, cramps
  • Feels faint
  • Treatment
  • Rest, lying down
  • Keep cool
  • Give sips of water, up to one quart

36
Heat Stroke
  • Signs/symptoms
  • Hot, dry, red skin
  • Rapid, strong pulse
  • Temperature gt103
  • Treatment
  • MEDICAL EMERGENCY
  • Loosen clothing
  • Quickly cool body
  • Sponge skin with cool water

37
In Summary
  • Stay calm
  • Assess ABCs
  • Control bleeding using universal precautions
  • Protect from further injury
  • Notify parent as indicated
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