A Proposal for XRF Beamline at SESAME

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A Proposal for XRF Beamlineat SESAME

• Part 1
• Beamline Design

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List of Collaborators
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MAXE GroupMaterial Analysis by X-ray Emission
1. Beamline requirements 2. Scientific Background
Applications 2-1. Studies of Atomic Decay
Parameters 2-2. Synchrotron radiation x-ray
fluorescence analysis 2-3. Elemental or
chemical mapping of materials 3. Beamline
Design 3-1. The Front End 3-2. Beamline
Optics 4. End Stations 5. Cost Estimates 6.
Ancillary Requirements 7. Modes of Operation
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Beamline Requirements

• Resolution 2 x 10-4
• Harmonics Higher order harmonics must be at
  least two orders of magnitude less intense than
  the fundamental.
• Flux The flux should be greater than
• 1013 photons/s/0.1 BW.
• Energy Band Width (BW) 2-30 keV.

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Scientific Background Applications

• Study Some of the fundamental parameters
• ? Photoionization cross section.
• ? Fluorescence Yield.
• ? Coster-Kronig Transition Probabilities.
• ? Radiative transition rates.

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• SR X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (SRIXE )
• ? Use Polarized beam at selected beam energies.
• ? Perform elemental analysis of the bulk of the
  sample taking advantage of reduced background.
• ? Need modest flux to avoid pile-up problem.

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• Elemental or chemical mapping of materials
• ? Need Special collimators and mirrors to
• focus the beam.
• ? Need scanning facility for either the
• sample or the beam.
• ? Costly (Second Phase)

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Experimental Design

• Front End of the Beamline
• Beam Optics of the Beamline
• End Stations

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Front End of Spring-8 XRF Beamline

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Optics and Beam Transport of Spring-8 XRF Beamline
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Double Monochromator System

G. Falkenberg, O. Clauss, A. Swiderski and Th.
Tschentscher, X-Ray Spectrom. 2001 30 170-173
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Effective Bandwidth ?E/E

T. Ishikawa, JSPS Asian Science Seminar
(JASS02), Al-Balqa Applied University,
Jordan, Oct. 19-28, 2002.
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Energy Resolution

T. Ishikawa, JSPS Asian Science Seminar
(JASS02), Al-Balqa Applied University,
Jordan, Oct. 19-28, 2002.
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Diffraction Width Divergence
T. Ishikawa, JSPS Asian Science Seminar
(JASS02), Al-Balqa Applied University,
Jordan, Oct. 19-28, 2002.
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Energy Range
T. Ishikawa, JSPS Asian Science Seminar
(JASS02), Al-Balqa Applied University,
Jordan, Oct. 19-28, 2002.
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End Stations

• Two end stations are needed as follows
• Phase One An end station for the examination of
  atomic decay parameters (Application 1) and the
  quantitative analysis using SRIXE (Application
  2).
• ?Phase Two An end station for imaging (X-ray
  Microscope) (Application 3).

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Cost Estimates

• Hardware Requirements
• Synchrotron
• Insertion device 1,200K US
• X-Ray Beamline and Optics 1,000K US
• Vacuum Beamline 0,500K US
• X-ray Hutches 0,200K US
• Computers for Control 0,100K US
• Total Capital Cost 3,000K US
• Maintenance and spares 250K US
• Replacement of aging capital items 250K US
• Total Recurrent Cost (per y) 0,500K
  US

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• Hardware Requirements
• End Stations
• X-ray Fluorescence Set-up 70K US
• Experimental Chamber 130K US
• XRF Microscope (To be defined later)
• Total Cost of End Stations 200K US
• Software Requirements
• License agreement with appropriate providers of
  software
• Total recurrent cost 50K US
• Ancillary Requirements
• Target Preparation Facility
• Liquid Nitrogen Plant (25 liters/hr)
• Total recurrent cost 200K US

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Total Cost of XRF Beamline

• Total Capital Cost 3,200K US
• Total Recurrent Cost 800K US
• Grand Total 4,000K US

• Supporting facilities
• Target Preparation Laboratory
• Liquid Nitrogen Plant

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End of Part 1
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Part 2Applications

• Selective photoionization Method Using
  Synchrotron Radiation.
• Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence.
• X-Ray Imaging.

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Selective Photoionization Method Using
Synchrotron Radiation
Study fundamental parameters in X-Ray
Fluorescence.
sLi Photoionization cross sections (i1,2,3)
?i Fluorescence yields (i1,2,3) fij
Coster-Kronig Transition Probabilities
between subshell i and subshell j
(i,j1,2,3)(jgti) Fij LiXj Radiative Transition
Rates from subshell Xj to subshell Li ,
XM,N,O, j1,2,3,4,5,6 for major lines.
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• What is the situation for these parameters?
• For K-shell, agreement between theory and
• experiment is very good.
• For L-subshells, more refined measurements
• need to be done.

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Fluorescence Yield ?K
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Fluorescence Yield ?1
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Fluorescence Yield ?2
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Fluorescence Yield ?3
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Coster-Kronig Transition f12
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Coster-Kronig Transition f13
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Coster-Kronig Transition f23
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sphoto versus E for Yb
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Lab for different elements
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?i Fluorescence yields (i1,2,3)
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Selective Photoionization Method
Element Yb
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Simulation of Yb L3-subshell
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Simulation of Yb L2-subshell
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Simulation of Yb L1-subshell
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Simulation of Yb L2L3-subshells
L3 L? Lß2,15 Ll L
?5
L2 Lß1 L?1 L? L?5
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Simulation of Yb L-shell
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Number of Parameters to be determined
Counting 3x2 for sLi 3 for ?i 3
for fij 15 for Fij
27 parameters in total
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Methodology

U. Werner and W. Jitschin, Phys. Rev. A 1988
38-8 4009-4018. R. Stotzel, U. Werner, M.
Sarkar and W. Jitschin, J. Phys. B At. Mol.
Opt. Phys. 1992 25 2295-2307. Raul A.
Barrea, Carlos A. Perez and Hector J. Sanchez, J.
Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 2002 35
3167-3178.
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Selective Photoionization Method
Element Yb
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Look at total intensity of individual L-subshells

• I(L3) ? ?3s3 EE3
• I(L3) ? ?3(s3f23s2) EE2
• I(L3) ? ?3s3f23s2s1(f13f12.f23) EE1
• I(L2) ? ?2s2 EE2
• I(L2) ? ?2(s2f12s1) EE1
• I(L1) ? ?1s1 EE1

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• The basic equation for quantitative XRF is
• ILi(E)I(E) ? e(Li) C sLi(E) T(ELi, E)

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• For X-ray production cross section, we have
• sL?(E)sL1(E)f13f12.f23sL2(E)f23sL3(E)
• ?3(F3?1F3?2)
• sL?l(E)sL1(E) f12sL2(E)?2 F2?1 sL1(E)
• ?1(F1?3F1?4)
• sL?1(E)sL1(E) f12sL2(E)?2 F2?1
• where L?lL?1L ?3L?4

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• sL1(E), sL2(E) and sL3(E) are known or they
  can be replaced by two parameters each according
  to the formula
• s a E-b
• The intensity of a particular line is
  normalized relative to the K? from a properly
  chosen element.
• IK?(E)I(E) ? e(EK?) Ce sK?(E) T(EK?, E)
• where sK?(E) sK(E) ?K FK?

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• We have the normalized intensity of a
  particular x-ray line belonging to Li as
• Applying this formula to the three basic
  lines ILa, ILßl and IL?1 we have

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• Now a?, b?, c?, a?l, b?l, a?1, b?1 are known in
  terms of f12, f13, f23, ?1, ?2, and ?3, then,

• All six parameters can be determined

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Thank you