JBIC Strategy for PIM

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JBIC Strategy for PIM

• Ito Hiroo
• Isao Yamashito
• Japan Bank for International Cooperation

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1. JBIC Past Assistance

• JBIC assistance as of end March 2002
• for Water sector 36 Billion
• for Irrigation sector 5.7 Billion

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1. Past Assistance No.2

• Irrigable Area
• JBIC Financed Projects/Country Total
• (in
  )
• Thailand 3.5
• Indonesia 5.0
• Sri Lanka 10.2

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2. Common Issues

• Common Issues Pointed out in the Post
  Evaluations
• not-effective Water User Association (WUA)
• poor performance of Operation and Maintenance
  (OM)
• low rate of Water Charge collection
• Farmers Participation pursued on a Trial Error
  Basis

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3. Irrigation Sector Study
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3. Irrigation Sector Study No. 2

• Study Findings/Conclusions
• Importance of Farmers Participation (PIM)
• Ex-post Efforts for Establishing WUA
• Voluntary WUA Membership No legal penalty, No
  Social Sanction
• Limited Participation in Water Management
• Farmers Participation in Government Projects
• Incomplete Legal Framework

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3. Irrigation Sector Study No. 3

• Ratios of water charge to actual OM costs
• AP,INA, Indonesia, Thailand
  50, 20,
  0
• Collection rates (collected/invoiced)
• Indonesia Philippines India Pakistan
  66
  35-62 30-65 72

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4.Institutional Framework for Land Improvement

• LIDs Features in Contrast to Widely Practiced
  PIM
• Initiative of the concerned farmers
• governments participate in the project the
  farmers initiate
• confirmation in writing of farmers consent
• precondition to project implementation consent
  by the 2/3 majority or more
• taken for granted to participate once 2/3
  majority is established

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5.Provisional Recommendations

• Recommendations
• participatory approaches and prior consent
  procedure
• matter-of-course participation and compulsory
  collection measures
• partnership between the farmers and the
  governments
• Water management by the farmers

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6.Regional Workshop No.1

• Theme
• Sustainable and Efficient Use of Irrigation
  System/Water and Participation of Farmers
• Date and Venue
• 13th 15th January 2003, Bangkok, Thailand
• Participants
• about 100 from 12 countries in Asia

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6.Regional Workshop No.2

• Shared Views of the Workshop Participants
• farmers participation is important
• desirability of LID concepts
• diversity in local conditions
• need for adequate legal framework
• whom to obtain consent
• landholders for Investment, but all Water Users
  for OM,
• Participation is more difficult in existing
  systems than new development

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7.WWF3 Session

• Session Report
• 1.      Commitments
• l         To apply the following recommendations
  for JBIC and JICA operations, we will further
  engage in vigorous cooperation in this area.
•  
• 2.      Recommendations
• l         This session reconfirmed farmers
  participation as an effective tool to address
  major issues of sustainable and efficient use of
  irrigation system and water, and recognized the
  need to change from the traditional
  participation by farmers in government projects
  to participation by the government in farmers
  projects managed by farmers initiative and the
  importance of new partnership between farmers and
  the government.
• l         As an effective tool to realize this
  vision, we therefore propose that it is worth
  examining the concept of the Japanese land
  improvement scheme (for example, the undertaking
  of irrigation projects based on farmers
  initiative and consensus building among them) in
  advancing participatory irrigation management and
  the operation and management of irrigation system
  in order to enhance the ownership of farmers.
• l         Such examination naturally requires
  considerations of specific conditions in
  individual countries, regions and projects.
•  

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8. Conclusion

• Need for a Paradigm Shift
• from Farmers Participation in Government
  Projects
• to Government Participation in Farmers Projects
  
• LID framework will be a model
• Need for Specific Actions