Planimetric and Topographic Mapping

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Planimetric and Topographic Mapping
Cartography- The art and science of
representing spatial position of real world
objects (3-D) on a 2-D plane by means of points,
lines and symbols.

• Basic Types of Maps
• Planimetric Maps
• Hypsometric Maps
• Topographic Maps

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Planimetric Maps

• Show only the horizontal position of geographic
  and cultural features
• Do not show topographic features
• Show accurate horizontal distances
• Plan view

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Hypsometric Maps

• Show landscape relief
• Use Contours, Shading, Hachures, 3-D Grids

Wireframe Map
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Point
Hypsometric Map of Everest
Line (TIN)
Surface
Source
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MINI QUIZ Match the numbers to the letters
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Topographic Maps

• Contain elements from both Planimetric and
  Hypsometric maps

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Methods of Topographic Mapping

• Aerial Photogrammetric Methods -Large Areas,
  Small scale

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• Conventional control point requirements
• Pass points
• 3-D control

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Airborne-GPS has drastically reduced ground
control requirements
Source Wolf and Dewitt 2000
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Satellite Imagery- Large Areas, Small scale
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GOOGLE EARTH

• Global Coverage
• User Control of Scale and
• Perspective
• Name searching
• Free!

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Ground methods- Small Areas, Large scale
Conventional Ground Methods Total Station
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GPS Methods
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Hydrographic Mapping
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Specific Types of Maps - World Maps -
Highway/Road Maps - Land-Use Maps - Natural
Resource Maps - Navigational Charts -
Property Maps - Census Maps - Maps for the
Blind (tactile)...
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WORLD POLITICAL MAP
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Time Zones
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CRUISING GUIDE
HARBOR CHART
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ROAD MAP
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Topological Maps
Washington Metro
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Contours from Grid Elevations
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Problem Areas
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OR
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USGS Map Accuracy Standards

• Map Scales of 120,000 and Larger
• Not more than 10 of points tested shall be in
  error by 1/30 (0.8 mm)
• Map Scales Smaller than 120,000
• Not more than 10 of points to be tested shall be
  in error by 1/50 (0.5mm)
• Vertical Accuracy
• Not more than 10 of all points tested shall be
  in error by more than half (1/2) a contour
  interval

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Useful Websites www.labins.org (Florida
maps) www.usgs.gov (National)