The Enlightenment:

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The Enlightenment Ideas the Arts
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Our Debt to the Enlightenment
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English Parliament,1679 Habeas corpus (Right
to specific charges and speedy trial)
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Habeas corpus, plus the Roman presumption of
innocence, are at the core of our judicial system
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Thomas Hobbes Social Contract Rulers power
comes from mutual agreement with the people
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John Locke Natural rights (inalienable) Right
to rebel
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Lockes ideas can be seen in the Declaration of
Independence
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Voltaire Tolerance Freedom of
religion Freedom of speech
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I do not agree with a word you say but will
defend to the death your right to say it.
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Voltaires ideas can be seen in the civil
liberties guaranteed in our Bill of Rights
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Montesquieu Separation of powers Checks and
balances
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Montesquieus ideas can be seen in the United
States Constitution
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Rousseau Rule by the general will
(democracy) Abolish titles of nobility
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Rousseaus ideas can be found in our democratic
government
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and our egalitarian society
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Beccaria Speedy trial Abolition of
torture Punishment to fit the crime Abolition of
capital punishment
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Beccarias ideas can be found in our judicial
system
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Mary Wollstonecraft
Equal rights for women
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Wollstonecrafts ideas can be seen in the modern
womens movement
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A Brief Look at The Arts
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Compare these paintings what is the subject of
each?
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Compare the styles of the two paintings
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Which painting would appeal more to the
philosophes?
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This is The Swing, Jean-Honore Fragonard,
1765
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The style is called Rococo
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What would Rousseau say about these people?
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Does the painting have any particular message?
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Rococo Light airy Delicate Elegant
refined Playful Graceful Soft pastel
colors Soft-edged Decorative
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Court art Carefree life of aristocrats Love
and romance Nature outdoor settings
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This is The Death of Socrates, Jacques-Louis
David, 1787
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The style is called Neo-classicism
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What does that name mean?
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Neo-classical Severe unemotional Rigid Solemn L
ogical Hard-edged Cool rationality control
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Neo-classical
Revived interest in classical thought
culture Inspired by classical ideals of order,
balance, moderation Subjects from ancient Greece
Rome
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Neo-classical
Rejection of Rococo as trivial
ostentatious Reaction against irresponsible life
of the aristocracy Art should teach virtue, not
cater to wasteful living
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Reflection of Enlightenment ideas Intellect more
important than emotion Art, individuals society
should be ruled by reason Admired Greek Roman
political ideals
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Reflection of Enlightenment ideas
Commentary on contemporary 18th century
society Became official style of new
revolutionary governments in America France
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The Power of Change