The European Mainstream in the Twentieth Century

1
Chapter 20

• The European Mainstream in the Twentieth Century

2
Social and technical changes

• Cultural
• Radio
• Television
• Recording

3
Hungary

• Béla Bartók
• Zoltán Kodály
• Nationalist
• Music educator

4
Béla Bartók

• Ethnomusicology
• study of folk music
• early founder

5
Bartóks works

• The Miraculous Mandarin
• Orchestral
• Mikrokosmos teaching pieces for piano
• Concerto for Orchestra

6
Music for Strings, Percusson and Celesta

• Mvt. III, Adagio
• Techniques
• Parlando rubato on xylophone openingand close
• Mirror form (large and small)
• Timpani Gliss
• 2 pentatonic scales on celesta
• Bulgarian dance rhythms (233)

7
Russia

• Prokofiev
• Shostakovich
• Gubaidulina

8
Prokofiev - works

• Romeo and Juliet
• Peter and the Wolf
• Love of Three Oranges

9
Dmitri Shostakovich

• Symphony No. 5
• an offering after he was denounced for Formalism
• vs. Social Realism

10
Sofia Gubaidulina

• Rejoice! Sonata for Violin and Violincello
• Listen to the still small voice within (mvt. V)
• Chromatics
• glissandos
• tremelos
• harmonics

11
England

• Ralph Vaughan Williams
• Gustav Holst
• William Walton
• Benjamin Britten

12
Ralph Vaughan Williams

• Leading English Folksong collector

13
Gustav Holst

• The Planets

14
Benjamin Britten

• Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra
• War Requiem
• Peter Grimes

15
Germany

• Paul Hindemith
• Carl Orff

16
Paul Hindemith

• Gebrauchsmusik Work a day music
• includes Sonatas for most instruments
• Taught at Berlin School of Music
• Yale University
• University of Zurich
• Mathis der Maler - opera

17
Carl Orff

• Carmina Burana - setting of 13th century Golliard
  manuscript
• Music Educator along with Zoltán Kodály

18
Latin America

• Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazil
• Carlos Chávez, Mexico
• Alberto Ginastera, Argentina

19
Neo-Classicism in France

• Arthur Honegger
• Darius Milhaud
• Francis Poulenc

20
Igor Stravinsky
21
Igor Stravinsky

• Ballets composed for the Ballet Russe in Paris
  under Sergei Diaghilev
• The Firebird
• Petrushka
• Le Sacre du Printemps

22
Le Sacre du Printemps

• The Rite of Spring
• Danse des adolescentes
• Largeorchestration
• polychords
• syncopation
• Riotous Premier

23
Stravinsky - middle works

• LHistoire du soldat - small ensemble and
  narrator
• Neo-classic works
• The Rakes Progress
• Oedipus Rex

24
Stravinsky - late works

• Canticum sacrum
• 12-tone
• motet