Agricultural Education 280

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Agricultural Education 280

• Session 8
• Events and Leaders in
• Career-Technical Education

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Relevance

• 7. How is the history of career-technical
  education relevant to agricultural educators,
  agricultural educators, and agribusiness trainers?

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Learner Objectives

• Identify the major events that influenced the
  development of Career-Technical Education
• Discuss the leaders who influenced the
  development of Career-Technical Education and,
• Discuss how is the history of Career-Technical
  Education is relevant to extension educators,
  agricultural educators, and agribusiness
  trainers.

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Find Someone ACT

• COL ATI
• 1. Get a Find Someone worksheet
• 2. Circulate around the classroom and locate as
  many people as you can
• 3. Instructor will then review the highlights of
  the sessions topic

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1. How did career-technical (vocational)
education begin in America?

• Apprenticeships
• Manual Training
• Private Schools
• Agriculture
• Mechanics
• Science

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2. Why was career-technical education created?

• Organized labor educators
• American Federation of Labor
• National Association of Manufacturers
• National Society for the Promotion of Industrial
  Ed
• 1890s economic conditions
• Depression
• German Threat
• Job opportunities for the underprivileged
• African Americans
• Women
• Farmers and mechanics

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3. What were the major events that influenced the
development of Career-Technical Education?

• 1st public junior college in Joliet, IL (1901)
• Commission on Industrial Technical Education
  National Society for the Promotion of Industrial
  Education (NSPIE) (1906)
• Douglass Commission (Mass.) (1906)

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More events

• Roosevelt urged major school reform
• Industrial education in urban schools
• Agricultural education in rural schools
• Dolliver-Davis Bill (1910)
• Page-Wilson Bill (1912)
• Commission on National Aid to Voc Ed
• Europeans ahead of US in war-preparedness
• Smith-Hughes Act (1914)

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What was the Voc. Ed. Act?

• 1963
• Federal funds to maintain, extend and improve
  existing programs
• Part-time employment for youth in school
• Expanded offerings
• Started junior colleges and joint vocational
  schools

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4. Who are the influential leaders of
Career-Technical Education and what contributions
have they made?
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What was the 1st technical institute?

• The Lyceum in Gardiner, Maine
• 2 year course
• farmers
• Mechanics
• 2nd Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

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Who was Catherine Beecher?

• Organized the scientific study of home economics
• Co-founded the Hartford Female Seminary (1823)
• Trained women to be mothers and teachers

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Who was Calvin Woodward?

• Father of Manual Training
• Influence by Russian method
• St. Louis Manual Training School

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Who was Jane Addams?

• Founded the Hull-House (1889)
• Started social work
• Community-focused approach to solving social
  problems by fostering the spirit of neighbors
  helping neighbors

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Who was Booker T. Washington?

• Educator and reformer
• Advocated self-help, racial solidarity and
  accommodation
• Urged Blacks to accept discrimination and
  concentrate on elevating themselves through hard
  work and material prosperity
• Believed in education in the crafts, industrial
  and farming skills

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Who was W. E. B. DuBois?

• Argued that Washingtons strategy would
  perpetuate white oppression
• Advocated political action and civil rights
• The debate polarized African Americans
• Conservative vs. Radical

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Who was John Dewey?

• What did John Dewey say about vocational
  education?
• Avoid the limitation of vocation to the
  occupations where immediate tangible commodities
  are produced
• Do not specialize training
• Training through occupations

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Who was Charles Prosser?

• NSPIE
• Drafted the original language of Smith-Hughes Act
• Social efficiency industrial model
• Snedden was a colleague

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Who were Dolliver Page?

• Introduced bills preceding the Smith-Hughes Act

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Who was Hoke Smith Dudley Hughes?

• Smith-Hughes Act (1917)
• Vocational Education
• Agriculture
• Industrial Education
• Home Economics
• Separated students
• Separated curriculum

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Who was Carl Perkins?

• Legislator
• The father of virtually every postwar federal
  education program
• Civil rights
• Social welfare
• Vocational education

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What happened in the 1970s?

• Career education movement split industrial
  education between
• general educators
• vocational educators

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5. How has Career-Technical Education changed its
focus since A Nation at Risk (1983)?

• Carl Perkins Voc Ed Act (1984)
• Improve work skills
• Prepare adults for jobs
• Equal opportunity for adults
• Program improvement
• At-risk populations

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What was the focus of the Carl Perkins Act in
1990?

• Academic vocational skills
• Global technological society
• All segments of population
• Integration of academics vocational
• Articulation with post-secondary
• Closer linkages between school and work

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What was SCANS?

• USDL Secretarys Commission on Achieving
  Necessary Skills Report
• Basics that included math, reading, teamwork,
  problem-solving, and technology
• Soft skills
• Tech Prep

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What is Workforce Education?

• Focus on smarter, not harder skills
• Soft skills, core skills, nontechnical skills,
  essential skills, generic skills, new basics
• Work in teams with
• Greater autonomy
• Greater accountability
• Knowing how to learn, read, write, and compute,
  listen, communicate, lead, solve problems, take
  initiative, relate with others, work in teams,
  use technology

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What is Tech Prep?

• Secondary postsecondary (22)
• Career education plan in grade 9
• Attract non-college prep non-vocational
• Advanced skills for technical occupations

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What is School-To-Work?

• School-To-Work Opportunities Act (1994)
• National skills shortage through partnerships
  between educators and employers
• Variety of program designs, serve many types of
  students, intensive work-based learning, can
  start in 9-10th grades

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What is Welfare-To-Work?

• Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
  Reconciliation Act (1996)
• Work first, rather than basic and job skills
• Successful characteristics
• Comprehensive, individualized services
• Consistent focus on employment
• Close relationships with employers
• Rapid skill development through time-intensive
  training
• High expectations for participation
• Collaboration with stakeholders

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What is Career Pathways?

• Broadly focused career majors, or clusters, or
  pathways
• Integration of academic and vocational content to
  prepare students for the workplace
• Career decision making and workplace preparation

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What is Human Resource Development?

• Improving work performance at the individual,
  group, organizational, and interorganizational
  level
• Themes work force diversity, cross-cultural
  issues, the learning organization, technology in
  work and learning, increasing numbers of older
  workers, informal learning, and spirituality in
  the workplace
• American Society for Training Development
  www.astd.org

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What happened in 1994?

• Three names
• 3rd Morrill Act OR Improving America's School Act
  of 1994 OR Equity in Educational Land-Grant
  Status Act of 1994
• Land-grant status conferred on 29 Native American
  colleges
• A provision of the Elementary and Secondary
  Education Reauthorization Act.
• Income based on the Indian student count
• (as defined in section 390(3) of the Carl D.
  Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology
  Education Act

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7. How is the history of career-technical
education relevant to extension educators,
agricultural educators, and agribusiness trainers?

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Aims Purposes of agricultural education

• Session 9
• October 18, 2001
• Groups 6 12

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