Key Points So Far

1
Key Points So Far
2
Basic Components

• Processor
• Motherboard
• Memory
• I/O Devices
• Displays
• Adapters (peripherals)
• Power Supply
• Cooling Systems

3
Microprocessors
4
Microprocessors

• CPU Packages
• Pin Grid Array (PGA) Pins are present at the
  bottom and can be inserted in the socket in one
  way. Also available as plastic PGA, flip chip
  PGA, flip chip PGA2.
• Single Edge Contact Cartridge (SECC) Processor
  is covered in black housing to which a heat sink
  and fan is attached. Also available as SECC2.
• Pin Array Cartridge (PAC) and Single Edge
  Processor (SEP) are other types of CPU packages.
  
• Intel has introduced MMX for 3D games. AMD has
  introduced 3DNOW for the same purpose.

5
Memory

• RAM Random Access Memory
• Volatile
• SRAM Static RAM doesnt require refreshing.
  Fast but expensive
• DRAM Dynamic RAM requires constant refreshing.
  Cheap
• EDO RAM Extended data output RAM Used on older
  systems

6
Memory

• RAM Random Access Memory
• SDRAM Synchronous DRAM works in sync with
  clock, speed based on system clock
• DDR RAM Double data rate RAM faster version of
  SDRAM
• Rambus DRAM uses high speed system bus
• Video RAM Fast allows simultaneous reading and
  writing
• ROM read only (non-volatile)

7
Memory

• Types of ROM
• EPROM erasable PROM
• EEPROM electronically erasable PROM
• Also known as flash ROM

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Memory Form Factors

• SIMM
• Single in line memory module
• 72 pins
• DIMM
• Dual in line memory module
• 168 or 184 pins
• RIMM (RAMBUS)
• 16 or 32 bit data path
• 184 or 232 pins
• SO DIMM small outline DIMM laptops

9
Motherboards

• AT form factor
• Oldest type still in use
• Uses P8/P9 power connectors
• 5 and 12 volts only
• ATX form factor
• Improved layout
• Uses a single keyed connector
• 5, 12, and 3.3 volts
• Improved air flow

10
Motherboards

• Main components
• CPU
• Chipset
• System clock
• ROM BIOS
• RAM
• System bus (expansion slots)
• Jumpers and/or DIPs
• Communication ports

11
Expansion Slots

• ISA 8.33 MB/s
• PCI 66 264 MB/s
• AGP 1X266 MB/s, 8X2.14 GB/s
• PC (PCMCIA) notebooks, 16 MB/s
• Cardbus (PC card) notebooks, 133 MB/s
• PCI-X 1.066 GB/s

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Hardware Interrupts
13
DMA
14
Memory Addressing
15
POST Error Codes

• Sweetie Maria, Kiss Me Closely For
  HeavenssakeThe first letter of the above
  sentence helps in remembering the order100
  Series ( 100-199) System Board or Motherboard
  200 Series ( 200-299) Memory or RAM 300 Series
  ( 300-399) Keyboard 400 Series ( 400-499)
  Monochrome Video 500 Series ( 500-599) Color
  Video 600 Series ( 600-699) Floppy Drive 1700
  Series ( 1700-1799) Hard Drive