REVOLUTIONARY WAR Chapter 8

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REVOLUTIONARY WARChapter 8

• The Politics of War

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Lexington Concord April 1775

• Massachusetts
• 70 colonists vs. 700 British
• Stockpile of gun powder
• Shots firedno winnerbut WAR STARTS
• Paul RevereThe British are coming!
• British formal declaration of warAug.1775

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2nd Continental Congress-May 1775

• 1-Washington appointed as General
• Why is he picked?
• 2-redress of grievances
• appeal to king
• No declaration of independence or reconciliation

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1775-Olive Branch Petition

• After Bunker Hill
• Profess loyalty to Britain and want an end to
  fighting
• Kings reaction???

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Common Sense by Thomas Paine January,1776

• http//www.gps.edu/amhistory/revolution/CommonSens
  e.JPG
• Key points
• 1-an island should not rule a continent
• 2-government gets its power from the people the
  king is too powerful
• 3-reconciliation wont work
• 4-a government of our own is our natural right
• 5-colonies get no economic benefit from England

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July 1776-Declaration of Independence

• Written by Thomas Jefferson
• 3 key points
• A-natural rights of man
• B-grievances against King George 3rd
• C-fundamental principles of government
• shot heard round the worldinspiration to
  others fighting tyranny

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THE CRISIS

• After Washingtons retreat from NY to NJ
• After Battle of White Plains

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French aid to colonists

• After colonists win at Saratoga-formal treaty
• 1775--secretly give guns/ammo/money
• French aid includes
• Equipment
• ½ the total troops
• Navy
• FRENCH AID CHANGES BRITISH STRATEGY
• WHY?
• HOW?

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1778 FORMAL TREATY WITH FRANCE

• Creates a world war
• Colonists vs. British
• France
• Spain
• Holland
• Why did many side against British?
• NeutralsRussia, Denmark, Sweden, Portugal
  Prussia

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Patriots Loyalists

• Like Whigs
• Minority movement
• Younger
• Poor people
• Strongest in New England

• 20 of American population
• Older people
• More educated wealthy
• Clergy or those with strong church ties
• Strongest in Penn, NJ, New York City Charleston
  SC
• At wars end-80,000 flee to Canada

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INFLUENCE OF PRIVATEERS

• legal pirates
• John Paul Jones others
• Destroy British merchant ships
• 1000 ships
• Capture 600 British ships
• Impact?
• Diverts manpower
• Brings in gold supplies
• Increased American morale
• British shippers complain to king to end war

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Treaty of Paris

• DelegatesFranklin, Adams Jay
• Supposed to consult with French prior to
  agreementbut they dont
• Why not??
• What problems does this create between US
  France??

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Treaty Provisions

• 1-formal recognition of independence
• 2-share Newfoundland waters
• 3-recommend loyalists get land back no
  persecution of loyalists
• 4-land boundaries
• WestMississippi River
• North-Great Lakes
• South-Spanish Florida
• Why such generous terms????

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