Prezentace%20aplikace%20PowerPoint

1

BLOOD 8 body weight, 5-6 l, transporting
medium, fluidity x losses functions 1.
Respiratory 2.
Nutritional 3. Excretoric
4. Homeostatic a) water,
ions, pH
b) temperature
5. Chemical control 6.
Immunity Formed elements plasma
2

• -viskosity
• hematocrit
• stability of suspension
• electrostatic forces proteiny
  bridges
• transporters
• specific heat, conductivity, latent heat
• -cells, antibodies, complement

3
BLOOD PLASMA SERUM PLASMA Water Proteins
onkotic pressure, pH, hemostasis, immunity,
transport, AMA pool
elektroforesis albumin, globulins,
fibrinogen, clotting factors, lipopro- teins,
haptoglobins, transferrin Organic substancies
nutriens, vitamins, cholesterol, waste products,
hormons Electrolytes
Na, K, Cl, HCO3, PO4, Ca Gases O2, CO2, N2
4
ELEMENTS erythrocytes, leukocytes,
trombocytes stem cells (resting, proliferating)
progenitor colony increase in number
of stem cells entering, shortening of the cycle,
combination hematopoetic environment
mikrocirculation
fibrocytes, adipocytes,
makrophages, T- lymfocytes Growth and regulatory
factors colony stimulating ff, interleukins,
chemokins Stem cells (myeloid-lymfoid, myeloid,
lymfoid) Progenitors bb. (shortlasting
reproduction) Precursors. CFU-E, CFU-G, CFU-M,
CFU-Meg
5
ERYTHROCYTES lack of nuclei, ribosomes,
mitochondria, 95 of dry weight Hb, shape,
antigens Erythropoesis - multipotent
(pluripotent, totipotent) stem cells
unipotent (progenitor) EPO
HIF EPO
apoptosis of progenitors Ery line
proerytroblast basophilic
erytroblast (normoblast) Hb
synthesis polychromatic
erythroblast DNA
synthesis restricted
ortochromatic erytroblast (NORMOBLAST)
Nuclei retikulocyte
loss of
ribosoms, mRNA, mitochondria, trahsferin rec.
erythrocyte
6
Ery
formation
lungs O2 CO2
afinity of Hb O2 2,3 DPG renal aa.
Ox Red Hb
liver kidneys
Hb concentration
HIF
EPO
plasma volume
Ery
hormons
bone marrow
Losses
7
Hb 135 170 g/l A, F, dissociation
curve Metabolism Ery - shape, deformability
- ion pumps
- hem in
ferroform
- ROS scavanging no mitochondriae
glycolysis
carboanhydrase G G-6P
NAD GSH
H2O CO2 H HCO3-
F-6P NADH GSSG
F 1,6 P NAD
G 3P NADH 1,3 DPG
difosfogycerate mutasea

2,3 DPG 3
PG difosfoglycerate fosfatase

8
Ery destruction aging membráne
rigidity sferocyte
CO2
Fe
transferrin
bilirubin
AMA
bilirubinglukuronid
RES Hb
urobilin
sterkobilin
9
ANEMIE hypoplastic, aplastic
microcytic hypochromic
sideropennic normocytic
normochromic thalasemia
makrocytic
hyperchromic pernicious
infiltration of bone marrow drugs
hemorrhagic hemolytic
acute bleeding
intracorpuscular (hereditary, chronic
spherocytosis,
sicle cell)
extracorpuscular
(hypersplenism) POLYGLOBULIA
10
Myeloid stem cell Promyeloblast
Promegakaryoblast
Prolymphoblast Myeloblast
Monoblast granulocyte monocyte
platelets
B-lymphpcyte Mast cell osteoclast

T-lymphocyte age Leukocytes
(tis) Neutrophils ()
Lymphocytes () Cord blood 18
60
30 3 mo. 12
30
60 6 mo.- 6 yr 10
45
48 12 yr 8
55
35
11

LEUKOCYTES - 7 x 109/l
neutrophils 50 70
O2 O 2-
H2O2 OH eozinophilsí
1 4 granulocytes basophils
lt 1 monocytes 2
8 chemotaxis, secretion, adhesion, diapedesis,
fagocytosis, ROS (NADPH oxidase,
myeloperoxidase), proteases lymfocytes
20 40 T - helper/inducer
- memory cells - supressors
- cytotoxic - K
- N K
B - plasmatic - memory cells

NADPH NADP
12
TROMBOCYTES 250 x 109/l 2 4
u microtubuli, receptors for collagen, actin
myosin, granules (ADP, serotin), a granules
(PDGF, PAF) HEMOSTASIS 1) vessels
vasoconstriction (wall, serotonin, tromboxan A2)
2)
platelets - adhesion (receptors, von
Willebranduv f.)
- change of the shape
-
aggregation ADP
plug
granules
TXA2
vasokonstriction
13
3) clotting
HMWK, LMWK kinins


inflammation

complement extrinsic -
thromboplastin intrinsic
XII, kallikrein

tkánový aktivátor
prothrombin thrombin
plasmin plasminogen


streptokinase
fibrinogen fibrin
stabilized fibrin
fibrin degradation
products Alterations of hemostasis, disseminated
intravascular coagulation, consumption
coagulopathy