Input and Output

1
Input and Output

• Chapter 5

2
Back to Basics

• Computers are devices that simply take input from
  the user, process the input according to its
  programming, generate output for the user, and
  store the output accordingly.
• Input and Output are critical for the user to get
  the results they seek

3
Input

• There is an enormous number of methods to provide
  a machine with information
• Information from a keyboard or mouse
• Devices plugged into the computer
• Information downloaded from another computer
• Via Internet
• Via storage media

4
Keyboard
QWERTY Identifies the most common keyboard layout
5
Keyboard

• One of the most common ways for a computer to
  receive input from the user
• In recent years these devices have greatly
  evolved.

6
Mouse

• Pointer device used by most current operating
  systems
• Developed in the latest generation of computers
• Windows

7
Mouse

• Ball mice
• Uses a large roller
• Computer interprets movement in the up-down and
  left-right directions
• Optical mice
• New development
• Use of lights and sensors instead of mechanical
  components

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Mouse

• Optical Mouse

9
Visual and Photographic

• Some of the first devices in this area are the
  fax machine and barcode reader
• Transforming black and white marks and text into
  data that a computer can understand

10
Visual and Photographic

• Bar code readers are heavily used in industry
• Shipping and receiving
• Retail
• Inventory
• Processing

11
Visual and Photographic

• Another recent development in computers is the
  digital camera and the scanner
• Creates input from images
• Infinite applications

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Visual and Photographic

• Webcams
• Intended for use as a video conferencing tool
• Allow people to communicate with each other
  visually over the internet

13
Visual and Photographic

• Digital Cameras and webcams
• Quality measured in Megapixels

14
Visual and Photographic

• www.optobionics.com
• Visual input technology has bright future

15
Microphones

• At current, microphones have minimal use with the
  personal PC
• The future holds many more possibilities
• Voice recognition constantly improves
• Currently able to easily recognize words
  consistently

16
Microphones

• Digital recorders
• Some recorders are capable of recording words and
  creating text
• Can later be plugged into a computer and the text
  can be downloaded

17
Microphones

• Soon, computers may be able to recognize an
  entire spoken human language
• Until that time, they are capable of recognizing
  individual words

18
Touch Screens

• Touch screens allow a user to input information
  by simply touching certain areas on the monitor
  screen
• Used in
• Tablet PCs
• PDAs
• Self Checkout Lines

19
Touch Screens

• Tablet PCs
• A new trend in laptops
• Allow user to draw or write on the monitor
  surface with a special pen
• Translates the users pen strokes into input data

20
Digital Pens

• New optical and memory technology allow you to
  take notes that are saved in the memory of the
  pen
• The pen can then be plugged into a PC
• The pen itself, or software on your computer,
  will translate your pen strokes into text and/or
  graphics

21
Output

• Result of calculations and manipulations made to
  input
• Comes in a variety of forms
• Monitor display
• Printouts
• Data files
• Sounds

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Monitors

• An area where output and user interface
  information can be displayed
• One of the most common types of output devices
• Large variety of types

23
Monitor

• Monitor screens use pixels
• Pixels are individual dots
• Color monitor pixels show red, green, and blue
  light in varying intensities
• these three colors blended together can make
  almost any imaginable color

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Resolution

• Resolution
• measure of the number of pixels
• Each object on a display consists of a certain
  number of pixels
• appear smaller on high resolution screen
• more data can be displayed at high resolution

25
Resolution

• Most software allows the user to adjust the
  resolution
• Sometimes objects are difficult to see at high
  resolution because they appear small in size

26
Graphics Hardware

• Graphics cards typically have sizable amounts of
  high speed memory that is dedicated to video use
• Most graphics require intensive calculations by
  the processor
• High speed memory used solely for graphics
  improves performance

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Graphics Hardware

• Large graphics cards (64-128MB) are ideal for
• Professional Digital Photography
• Modeling and CAD software
• 3D Gaming
• Graphics and Webpage Design

28
Monitor Types

• Advantages

• Flat Panel
• Compact
• Lightweight
• Low Power
• Crisp Picture

• CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
• High quality
• Reliable Technology
• Durable
• Inexpensive
• No viewing angle

29
Movies

• In the near future movies will be distributed to
  theaters in a digital form
• No more reels of film
• Setup will be similar to the computer and
  projector in the lecture halls
• Some type of computer with a projector and state
  of the art sound system

30
Printers

• Produce a physical hard copy of data for
  permanent storage
• Apply ink to paper surface to produce documents
• 2 main types
• Laser
• Ink Jet

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Printers

• Quality typically measured in DPIs
• Dots Per Inch
• For businesses you should consider
• Printer speed
• Networking
• Expense
• Quality

32
Printers

• Laser jet
• Laser charges certain areas of a roller
• Roller is coated with toner
• toner only sticks to those areas charged by the
  laser
• Paper runs across roller

33
Printers

• Bubble Jet
• Small bubble of ink vapor is formed by heating
  element
• Pressure from the expanding bubble pushes out
  droplet of ink

34
Printers

• Laser jets
• Print quickly
• Expensive
• Bubble Jets
• Print slowly (one line at a time)
• Inexpensive

35
Printing

• 3D printers
• With the correct input, produce 3D objects from
  wax, resin, or other materials
• Used sometimes for archeological or forensic
  reconstruction, or component design and
  fabrication