Development vs' Political Socialization

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Development vs. Political
Socialization

• DEVELOPMENT
• changes in PHYSICAL,
• COGNITIVE
• SOCIAL aspects of BEHAVIOR over
• time

• POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION
• how people acquire
• POLITICAL
• values, BELIEFS,
• attitudes BEHAVIORS how change over time

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Cognitive-developmental perspective

• PIAGETs
• conservation
• principle

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Relationship between

• Maturation
• a biological-developmental process

• Experience
• individual
• differences

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Developmental Stages

• INFANCY
• 0-2 years

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Readiness to learn

• What are critical periods for learning
• Political values?
• Political beliefs?
• Political attitudes?
• Political behavior

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TEMPERAMENT

• Personality development
• When does temperament
• develop?

• WAYS of responding to environment
• -activity level
• adaptability
• intensity
• attention span
• mood
• threshold of responses

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Key ATTRIBUTES

• BIRTH ORDER
• (Alfred Alder)

• GENDER
• DIFFERENCES
• Biological Vs social basis of sex differences

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Sex Roles

• Expectations and learned behavior very early

• Do parents still treat girls and boys differently
  - politics?
• cues environment
• (role models)
• social demands -
• 18 vote

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ATTACHMENT IDENTIFICATION

• individual shows behaviors that promote
  proximity or contact with a specific person
• 4-5 Identify with
• parent (or care giver)

• WHO is CARE GIVER
• Who talks to child
• about politics (anyone?)
• 2-5 years

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Core values and beliefs

• At what age does a person acquire his or her
• CORE POLITICAL BELIEFS VALUES
• ?????

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Childhood(2-11 years)

• IDENTIFICATION
• with parents
• Care giver
• (Mother up to 4-5)
• Same Sex

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IDENTIFICATION

• Freuds concept
• desire to be like some-one
• I.e... OEDIPAL COMPLEX..boys must repress their
  sexual feelings toward mother father as rival

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Identification

• 2-11 political orientations (4-5 mother
• 
  SAME SEX
• AND
• Cues in environment very important
• Clark and Clarks 1939
• 1960s lots of systematic change
• more positive concepts of self-worth
• many minorities
• varies by SES

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Early social influences

• INTERPERSONAL
• Friends
• schools
• church
• clubs
• peers

• IMPERSONAL
• influences
• MEDIA
• Internet

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Relevant Psy Theories

• Freud's theory of personality development
• (Psychoanalytical approach)

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Freuds 5 Psychosexual stages

• Each stage focus on area of body

• ORAL
• (1-sucking)
• ANAL 2-(toilet training)
• PHALLIC (4genitals)
• FOUNDATIONS of personality established

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Psycholdynamic Perspectives (Freudian)

• ASSUMES
• Traces of earliest events in childhood have a
  special impact

• LASSWELL
• People assume outlooks toward political world as
  means of satisfying his or her own personal needs
  or personality dynamics

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Cognitive-Social Theories(Stage theories)
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Piagets Stages of Learning

• cognitive development as mental structures
  develop.
• response to challenges from environment

• SCHEME
• a unit of knowledge
• mental picture of world
• when how organizes schema
• (assimilation accommodation)

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Piagets Theory Problem solving

• AGE 7-11

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HOTS

• HIGHER
• ORDER
• THINKING
• SKILLS

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Stages of Abstract reasoning (I.e..., moral
reasoning)

• KOHLBERGs Theory of MORAL DEVELOPMENT
• Stage 1 rewards /punishment
• II conventional morality (social norms)
• Stage 5 ind rights dem
• Stage 6 own conscious

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STAGES of MORAL DEVELOPMENT

• Some supporting evidence (cross-cultural)
• Whats link with moral behavior??????

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Adolescence (11-13 to 18)Issues - Personal
identity

• Carol Gilligans
• sex differences
• IDENTITY FORMATION

• Males
• Individual
• achievement
• Females
• social responsibilities
• relationships

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Eriksons Psychosocial Stages of Development

• Major goals issues
• each stage
• ADOLESCENCE
• increased importance
• of culture
• environmental factors

• life span process
• Identify development
• 8 stages - crisis
• must be resolved

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Key Stages of Life

• Young adulthood
• why important
• political socialization?
• middle adulthood
• late adulthood (65-80)
• OLD ( 80-100)

• Americans will spend half their lives in
  retirement
• Public policy
• implications?

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Criticisms of STAGES theories

• CULTURAL BIASES (democracy)
• GENDER BIASES (Carol Gilligan)
• research on gender differences
• IMPORTANCE OTHER FACTORS
• peer pressure influences
• readiness to learn
• Cognitive process a messy continuous process

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Cultural biases-research using STAGES

• Adolescence (11-13 Males/Females)
• Adulthood (18-45)
• Middle (45-65)
• Late (65)
• Expectations of
• normal behavior
• changing

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Lots of individual differences

• People react
• DIFFERENTLY
• to same set of
• situation factors
• BUT
• How many REACT
• in SAME way
• .compare to chance

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Social Learning theories

• Stimulus Response
• Model
• Classical S-R (Pavlov)
• Modified S-R
• (B.F. Skinner)

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B.F. SkinnerFather of Behavioralism

• Reinforcement
• pleasure stamps in
• pain doesnt stamp
• out

• Importance of habits
• (80 all
• behavior)
• Modeling behavior

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Sources of modeling behavior???

• MASH
• Hawkeye Piercegt
• anti-war attitudes
• SOME only

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When do people get too old or too sick for
public office?

• WHO
• DECIDES?????

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LOTS of other Life Cycle effects

• Political
• views
• STAGE of
• LIFE

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Socialization

• A Life Time Process
• Resocialization
• blending depending