Omega-3 Fatty Acids

1
Omega-3 Fatty Acids

• Created by
• Sarah London, Nutritionist
• OmegaPure, a division of Omega Protein, Inc

2
Types of Dietary Fat
Dietary Fats
At least one double bond
Fully saturated with hydrogen bonds
Unsaturated Fat
Saturated Fat
More than 2 double bonds
1 double bond
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
Oleic (Olive Oil)

• Omega-6
• Linoleic
• Arachiodonic
• GLA
• CLA

• Omega-3
• Alpha-Linoleic
• EPA
• DPA
• DHA

Polyunsaturated Fish, grains such as flaxseed and
cereal
Trans Partially hydrogenised fats like margarine
and baking shortening
Saturated Peanut oil, coconut oil, animal fat,
and butterfat
Monounsaturated Nuts, avocados, tea sea oil, and
olive oil
3
Imbalance of Omega-6 to Omega-3 in the Western
Diet

• Current Western Diet 251, but could reach 501
  in individuals consuming mostly processed foods.
• Omega-6 promotes inflammation and heart
  conditions.

Paleolithic Diet (12)
Current Western Diet (251)
Recommended Diet (41)
Omega-6
Omega-3
Omega-6
Omega-6
Omega-3
Omega-3
Bourre JM, Dumont O, Piciotti M, Clement M, et
al. Essentiality of n-3 fatty acids for brain
structure and function. World Rev Nutr Diet
66(1991) 103-17 Holub BJ. Omega-3 fatty acids
in cardiovascular care. CMAJ 166(2002) 608-15
4
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-6 Fatty Acids
vs.

• Contain EPA and DHA
• that are essential for
• Proper growth and development
• Metabolic processes
• Inhibit free forming fatty acids from destroying
  healthy cells.
• Allows for better communication between cells.

• Omega-6 are involved in
• Production of inflammation
• Regulation of cholesterol metabolism
• Creates structure in cell membranes

Sources Fish oil (EPA and DHA), green leafy
vegetables and algae (DHA only)
Sources Safflower oil, Sunflower oil, Corn oil,
Sesame oil, Soybean oil, Wheatgerm oil, Evening
Primrose oil, Walnuts
Allport, Susan. The Queen of Fats. London
University of California, 2006.
5
USDA
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease

• evidence suggests an association between
  consumption of fatty acids in fish and reduced
  risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease for
  the general population. 2005 Dietary Guidelines
  for Americans

American Heart Association
Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in
epidemiological and clinical trials to reduce the
incidence of cardiovascular disease. Kris
Etherton, P

• Number 1 killer of Americans today
• 2 out of 5 American deaths caused by
  cardiovascular disease

Kris Etherton, P. et al. Fish Consumption, Fish
Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular
Disease. Circulation, 2002 1062747.
6
EPA and DHA Recommendations

• The US National Institute of Health
• 650 mg/day of EPA and DHA and 2 grams/day of
  omega-3 fatty acids
• Limit omega-6 fatty acid to 4 gm/day.

7
Omega-3 fatty acids are long chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids and contain the
essential nutrients EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid).

• Types of omega-3 fatty acids
• Alpha linolenic acid (ALA)
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
• Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
• Docosapentaenoic (DPA)

• EPA and DHA are essential for
• Proper growth and development
• Metabolic processes
• Inhibit free forming fatty acids from destroying
  healthy cells.

8
The Importance of EPA and DHA
DHA
EPA

• Promotes proper cell turnover
• Supports healthy development of blood cells
• Assists in the creation of blood vessels
• Inhibits free forming fatty acids from destroying
  healthy cells

• Improves blood platelet functionality
• Reduces inflammation
• Reduces occurrence of heart attacks
• Necessary for transport of nutrients through cell
  membranes
• Improves blood flow

9
Fish Oil is the Best Source for Omega- 3 EPA and
DHA

• ALA source (Alpha-Linoleic Acid)
• Have to be converted by the body into EPA and DHA
• Less than 1 of DHA and EPA from ALA is absorbed
  due to loss during conversion

• Algae source
• Algae only contains DHA
• Does not contain the essential nutrient EPA

• Fish oil source
• Contains EPA and DHA
• 100 bioavailable- effective immediately for 100
  absorption

Pawlosky, Robert J. Physiological compartmental
analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in
adult humans. Journal of Lipid Research.
42,(2001) 1257-65
10
ALA Conversion Process
Chloroplast in dark green vegetables, walnuts,
and flaxseeds
Short chain
Supplies
ALA
Converts to
Converts back and forth
Converts to
Intermediate Molecules
EPA
DHA
Bioavailable
Cold water fish, fish oil, free range chicken and
eggs, grass fed beef and wild game fresh seaweed
(DHA only)
11
Daily Recommendations for Long Chain Omega-3
Organization Suggested Adult Recommendations (mg)
Australia and New Zealand Health Authorities 430mg-610mg/day
World Health Organization 1000mg-2000mg/day
British Nutrition Foundation 1000mg-2000mg/day
American Heart Association 1000mg-4000mg/day
Minimum Recommended 500mg/day
Typical Omega-3 fatty acid intake in the U.S
100mg
Organization Suggested Child Recommendations (mg)
Australia and New Zealand Health Authorities 400mg/day
World Health Organization Undetermined
British Nutrition Foundation Undetermined
American Heart Association Undetermined
12
Health Studies

• Brain Development IQ, Dyslexia, Dementia,
  Alzheimers, ADD/ADHD, Depression and Suicide,
  Aggression, Anxiety
• Neurological Bi-Polar Disorder, Schizophrenia,
  Autism, Multiple Sclerosis, Lou Gehrigs Disease,
  Parkinsons Disease
• Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems
  Atherosclerosis, Triglycerides, Cholesterol,
  Angina, Heart Attack,
• Arrhythmias, Stroke, Hypertension,
  Cardiovascular Coronary Heart Disease
• Respiratory System Asthma, Emphysema, Cystic
  Fibrosis, ARDS, Chronic Lung Disease,
• Skeletal and Muscular System Tooth Loss,
  Rheumatoid Arthritis, Bone Density, Joint Health,
  Fibromyalgia
• Dermatological System Acne, Eczema, Psoriasis
• Digestive System Ulcers, Inflammatory Bowel
  Disease, Chrons Disease, Intestinal Disorders
• Immune System AIDS, Lupus, Autoimmune Diseases
• Reproductive System Prostate Health,
  Breastfeeding, Pregnancy, Menopause, HPV, PMS

13
Scientific Research- Omega-3 and Health

• This is simply a list of the health benefits
• associated with EPA and DHA found in fish oil.
• To learn more about each health concern and the
• benefits of omega-3, please visit our online
  library
• of information of health concerns and discover
• how omega-3 can create a lifetime of health.
• www.omegapure.com

14
The excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids

• Promote the excessive production of eicosanoids
  (inflammation)
• Increased production of free radicals
• Compete with enzymes of metabolic pathways
  creating a host of medical problems.
• Increased susceptibility to lipid oxidation
• Stimulates neoplastic cell growth in culture
• Impairs insulin activity

15
Why the excess consumption?
Consumer barriers to healthy living
Food Industrys Contribution

• Cost Efficient
• Easier production
• Shelf stability
• Longer shelf life
• Ability to market low-
• saturated fat

• Lack of time
• Love to eat their favorite foods
• The expense
• Confusion with health claims
• Not interested in exercise

16
Functional Food Solution

• Multiple small changes contribute to significant
  health rewards
• Simple substitutions are key to nutrient dense
  foods leading to better overall health
• Replace your typical product with one enriched
  with omega-3

Euromonitor International 2007
17

Maximize Your Health
Take an omega-3 supplement Eat more oily fish
Reduce omega-6 consumption
Restoring Balance

• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables
• Consume oils with a healthy balance of omega-3 to
  omega-6
• Eat a variety of fatty fish tuna, salmon,
  mackerel
• Eat omega-3 fortified foods
• Avoid hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated
  oils- trans fat
• Choose free range chicken, beef, bison, pork and
  other wild game
• Use fish oil supplements rich in EPA and DHA

Allport, Susan. The Queen of Fats. London
University of California, 2006.
18
Omega-3 Market
19
Market Evolution
Percent increase
75
37
15
11
15
These numbers include flax
Source Packaged Facts Omega-3 Foods and the
U.S. Food and Beverage Market, March 2007
20
Market Knowledge
21
(No Transcript)
22
Omega Protein, Inc

• Omega Protein is the worlds largest
• processor of fish oil - OmegaPure.
• Vertically integrated from catch through
  production.
• Omega Protein owns 40 fishing vessels and 38
  spotter planes.
• State-of-the-art fish oil refinery produces
  OmegaPure from herring (menhaden) caught in U.S.
  waters.
• OmegaPure Technology and Innovation Center
  (OPTIC) established for product development.
• Publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange
  (OME).

23
For more information on omega-3 fatty acids,
EPA/DHA, the industry, or OmegaProtein, please
contact me at
2105 City West Blvd., Suite 500 Houston, Texas
77042-2838 slondon_at_omegaproteininc.com Direct
Line713-940-6108