Video Production: Jargon

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Video Production Jargon
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Brainstorming

• A sharing technique, suggesting multiple
  approaches to a problem without stopping to
  fine-tune or criticize any particular approach

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In-Camera Editing

• Assembling a finished program on the fly
• Performed by simply activating and pausing
  record function
• Allows less control but imposes quality
  concessions

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Storyboard

• Series of cartoon-like sketches illustrating key
  visual shots or scenes
• accompanied by audio information

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Tally light

• Automatic indicator on camera front and within
  viewfinder that indicates recording in progress
• seen by both camera operator and talent

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Audio Dub

• Result of recording audio over prerecorded
  videotape soundtrack
• Does not affect prerecorded video images

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Fade

• Gradual diminishing or heightening of visual or
  audio intensity
• Fade Out, Fade to Black, are common terms

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Automatic Focus

• Camcorder function which removes camera
  operators control over focus
• May shift as people walk through shot
• May not be reliable or selective

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Shot

• A single recorded segment of video defined by the
  record button
• Shots are intentional, isolated camera views that
  collectively comprise a scene

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Aperture

• The opening in a camcorder that allows light to
  reach the imaging chip
• The size of the aperture is controlled by the iris

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Back Light

• Illumination of subject from behind
• Used correctly, separates subject from background
• Used incorrectly, causes severe silhouetting

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White Balance

• Manual or automatic adjustment of cameras
  circuitry in response to different light sources
• Retains truest colors on recorded image

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Zoom

• To change focal length of a zoom lens
• Changes magnification from wide to telephoto view

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Standby

• Camcorder feature designed to save battery power
• May be automatically or manually activated

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Talent

• People who appear on camera

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Preroll

• Recorded for 20 seconds at the beginning of each
  shot
• Provides and editing buffer and identification of
  shot

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Postroll/Buffer

• Recorded following the end of action
• Provides editing buffer
• Ended by director saying cut

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Shoot-For-Edit Protocol

• Format for recording all shots for editing
• Roll Camera, clapper id, countdown, action
  begins, postroll/buffer, cut

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Monitor

• The TV where editors can see recorded video
• Sometimes used in taping to check color, audio,
  etc.

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Video Capture

• Rendering analog video into digital computer file
  for editing

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Linear Editing

• Editing system where clips are chosen from one
  VHS or 8mm tape and recorded to a second tape in
  a specific order
• Edited programs can not be previewed until they
  have been recorded on tape
• Revision of an edited tape requires re-recording
  the edited tape

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Digital Editing

• Characterized by random access to any part of
  rendered video clips
• Complete edited programs or any selection of
  clips can be preview and revised before recording
  to tape
• Allows additive processing
• Also known as nonlinear editing

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Clip

• One portion on a source tape or as a digital file
  selected for editing purposes
• Defined by In (starting) and Out (ending)
  points

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Transition

• The effect used as a border between two cuts
• Different transitions can telegraph different
  meanings to viewers

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Hard Cut

• A transition which instantaneously ends one clip
  and starts another
• The most popular kind of transition used by far

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Dissolve

• A transition where the signal from one clip
  slowly decreases in strength while the signal
  from the next increases
• Often used to convey changes in time or location

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Avio

• Turnkey digital editing system

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Split

• Creating two clips from one

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Trim

• Shortening a captured clip by changing the in or
  out point

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Continuity

• Creating all impression that all shots are part
  of single, continuous whole

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Boom

• Extension arm used to suspend microphone or
  camera over sound or subjects being recorded
• Objective is to keep gear out of cameras view or
  provide a unique angle

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Cutaway

• Shot of other than principal action
• Frequently used as transitional footage or to
  avoid a jump cut

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Frame

• One complete image
• A frame is composed of two fields equaling one
  30th of a second
• The viewable area

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Generation

• Relationship between a master video recording and
  a given copy of a master
• A copy of a copy of a master constitutes a second
  generation duplication

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Jump Cut

• Unnatural, abrupt switch from and to shots
  identical in subject but slightly different in
  screen location
• Makes subject appear to jump from one screen
  location to another

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Lavaliere

• Small, easily concealed microphone
• Commonly used for interview settings

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Master

• Original recorded videotape footage
• Edited Master implies original tape in its
  edited form
• Not to be confused with Channel Master (Adam
  Readel)

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Shotgun

• Highly directional microphone with long barrel
• Designed to pick up sound from extreme distances

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Two-Shot

• Camera view including two subjects

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Unidirectional

• Microphone that responds to a signal from only
  one direction
• Often used to reject unwanted sounds from
  different directions