Chapter 17: Therapy

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Chapter 17 Therapy

• Overview and History

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Definition of treatment

• When is treatment necessary?
• Inpatient vs. outpatient
• Psychotherapy vs. biomedical

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History of Treatment

• Prehistory-500 A.D.
• Cause of mental illness was possession by evil
  spirits
• Treatment included trephining, bleeding, or
  torture.
• Greeks tried restoring balance of fluid

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Pre-scientific treatment

• 500 1700
• Disorders are disturbances of the spirit
• Priests provided treatment
• Some people were branded as witches

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Pre-scientific treatment
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Pre-scientific treatment
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Reform movement

• 1700 1900
• People with psychological disorders are "madmen"
  who should be caged in order to protect society.
• Anyone undesirable - criminals, lepers, old
  people, and the mentally ill - was confined in
  asylums.
• Dungeons with horrible conditions.

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Reform Movement
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Reform Movement

• Philippe Pinel
• Called for improved treatment of the insane
• Madness was a sickness caused by distress and
  inhumane conditions

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Reform Movement

• Dorthea Dix
• Worked to improve conditions In mental hospitals
• Called for the building of hospitals to replace
  insane asylums.

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Trenton Mental Hospital Trenton, NJ
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Reform Movement

• Josef Breuer
• Used hypnosis
• Got patients to talk about their problems
• Precursor to modern therapy

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Modern Therapy

• The Medical Model
• Madness is a mental illness that can be
  diagnosed, treated, and cured
• Has links to modern insights into genetic causes
  of disorders and modern biomedical treatments

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Modern Therapy

• The Bio-Psycho-Social Model
• Behavior is the result of interaction between
  nature and nurture
• To attribute a disorder to illness is to say
  that the cause is purely internal

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Modern Therapy

• Two approaches
• Psychotherapy
• A planned, emotionally charged confiding
  interaction between a trained, socially
  sanctioned healer and the sufferer

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Modern Therapy

• Two approaches
• Biomedical Therapy
• Drug therapies and medical procedures designed to
  cure the mental illness

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Modern Therapy

• Psychotherapies
• Over 250 types of psychotherapies exist
• The most influential
• Psychoanalysis
• Humanistic Therapy
• Cognitive Therapy
• Behavior Therapy

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Modern Therapy

• Biomedical Treatments
• Drug Therapy
• Electro-convulsive shock therapy
• Psychosurgery