U'S' History End of Course Test Review

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U.S. History End of Course Test Review

• Sarah Nguyen
• Period7
• 5.01.08

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Charles De Montesquieu

• Montesquieu was one of the great political
  philosophers of the Enlightenment.
• Montesquieus motto was "Liberty is the stepchild
  of privilege," the idea that liberty cannot exist
  where inherited privilege also cannot exist.
• He developed the separations of powers.
• Was known for The Persian Letters and The Spirit
  of Laws

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Charles De Montesquieu

• He believed in executive, legislative and
  judicial power
• It provided a sense of checks and balance
• Greatest philosopher of liberalism a tranquility
  of mind arising from the opinion that each person
  has of his safety

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George Washington

• First president of the United Sates
• He was interested in military art and western
  expansion
• In 1781 with the aid of French allies, he forced
  the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown
• He died of a throat infection December 14, 1799
  after three years of retiring

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George Washington

• Married to a widow, Martha Dandridge Custis
• French and Indian War Indian attacked the French
  to take back their land

• He took command of his ill-trained troops (Second
  Continental Congress) and embarked upon a war
  that lasted six grueling years

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Crossing the Delaware River

• December 25 crossing the Delaware River was icy
  cold
• Most men marched without shoes
• Attacked south next morning
• Taking the Hessian garrison by surprise and
  over-running the town
• Hessians surrendered

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Crossing the Delaware River

• Washington had victory, but they had to retrace
  their steps
• They brought back Hessian prisoners also
• They crossed it again on December 30 and won at
  Trenton
• Was a decisive turning point in the Revolution
• It gave the Americans spirits to fight again

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Valley Forge

• The campground of 11,000 Continental Army troops
• Place was not great
• 2,500 dies from hunger, being badly clothes and
  bad housing
• Many races were included White, Black, and
  Indian
• Age 12-60 or more were included

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Valley Forge

• Most popular items carried were musket, canteen,
  hunting bag, powder horn, plate and spoon,
  blanket and tumbler
• Each brigade would also build a hospital, 15x25
  feet
• Wives lived and labor the troops
• Valley Forge came to symbolize the heroism of the
  American revolutionaries

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Benjamin Franklin

• Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January
  17, 1706
• He was an apprentice for his brother news
  business
• He started writing letters as
• Silence Dogood and he
• Confessed after its big hit

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Benjamin Franklin

• He bought Pennsylvania Gazette and was the first
  to have political cartoons
• Invented the almanac
• Experienced with electricity
• Supported paved roads
• He signed the Declaration of Independence

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Marquis de Lafayette

• Marquis de Lafayette was born in 1757
• He was a wealthy orphan
• He wanted to see romantic America for its
  glory, and excitement
• Realized after he arrives that America suffer a
  lot
• He decided to aid the colonies

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Marquis de Lafayette

• He was so patriot Congress commissioned him a
  Major General
• He was friends with George Washington
• He went to Valley forge with G.W.

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General Charles Cornwallis

• Was born on Dec. 31, 1738
• He was politically active with the Whigs
• He aided the British victory at the Battle of
  Long Island on Aug. 2728, 1776
• Cornwallis was largely responsible for the
  British victory at Brandywine, Pa., Sept. 11, 1777

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General Charles Cornwallis

• After a brief visit to England he returned as a
  Lieutenant General
• He again returned to England to attend his ill
  wife
• Rejoined Sir Henry Clinton in August 1779 and
  participated in the siege of Charleston, S.C.

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Battle of Yorktown

• Yorktown, Virginia founded in 1691, was a busy
  18th-century tobacco port
• Town is best remembered as the site of the Battle
  of Yorktown
• It ended the Revolutionary War
• Was heard Cornwallis encampment there ans came

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Battle of Yorktown

• Nelson being a true patriot, urged General
  Washington to fire on his own home
• That was where Cornwallis headquarter was
• Lord Cornwallis' finally surrendered  on October
  19, 1781

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1783 Treaty of Paris

• Treaty that officially ended the Revolutionary
  War on September 3, 1783.
• It was signed in Paris by Benjamin Franklin, John
  Adams, and John Jay
• Britain agreed to remove all of its troops from
  the new nation.
• Also set new borders for the United States

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1783 Treaty of Paris

• Included all land from the Great Lakes on the
  north to Florida on the south, and from the
  Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River
• United States agreed to allow British troops
  still in America to leave
• Also agreed to pay all existing debts owed to
  Great Britain
• The United States also agreed not to persecute
  loyalists

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U.S. Constitution

• September 17, 1787
• The supreme law of the United States
• The document outlines the three main branches of
  the government
• Reserves numerous rights for the individual
  states
• First ten commandment was known as the Bill of
  Bights

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U.S. Constitution

• We the People of the United States, in Order to
  form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
  insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
  common defense, promote the general Welfare, and
  secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
  our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
  Constitution for the United States of America

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Articles of Confederation

• November 15, 1777
• Ratification of the Articles of Confederation by
  all thirteen states did not occur until March 1,
  1781
• Articles created a loose confederation of
  sovereign states and a weak central government

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Articles of Confederation

• New Hampshire, Massachusetts-bay Rhode Island and
  Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York,
  New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland,
  Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
  Georgia.
• ARTICLE I The Stile of this Confederacy shall be
  "The United States of America".

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Credit

• About.Com. 1 May 2008 lthttp//atheism.about.com/li
  brary/glossary/political/bldef_montesquieucharles.
  htmgt.
• Standford Ecyclopedia of Philosphies. 18 July
  2003. 1 May 2008 lthttp//plato.stanford.edu/entrie
  s/montesquieu/gt.
• The White House. 1 May 2008 lthttp//www.whitehouse
  .gov/history/presidents/gw1.htmlgt.
• 1 May 2008 lthttp//www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/was
  hingtondelaware.htmgt.
• 2 May 2008 lthttp//www.americanrevolution.com/Vall
  eyForge.htmgt.
• "The Electric Ben Franklin." UShistory.Org. 2 May
  2008 lthttp//www.ushistory.org/franklin/info/gt.

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Credit

• 6 May 2008 lthttp//americanrevwar.homestead.com/fi
  les/corn.htmgt.
• 6 May 2008 lthttp//www.socialstudiesforkids.com/ww
  ww/us/treatyofparis1783def.htmgt.
• 6 May 2008 lthttp//www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourd
  ocs/articles.htmlgt.