Biomechanics of Shooting

1
Biomechanics of Shooting

• ISSF Coach Education Programme
• B Licence Bar, 19-26 Nov 2004

2
Biomechanics

• The science that examines the mechanical basis
  for human movement.
• Analysis of the way in which the body moves and
  the forces responsible for that movement.
• Kinematics movement
• Kinetics forces

3
Biomechanics in sport

• Biomechanics has been used to examine
• Optimal performance characteristics
• Technique change training / competition
• Influence of equipment on performance
• Relative injury risk of different tasks
• Video / High speed film
• Force platform
• EMG

4
Biomechanics of shooting

• Movement characteristics of different disciplines
• Identify key performance factors
• Comparison of different levels of performance
• Postural sway characteristics
• force platform
• Centre of Pressure
• SCATT / NOPTEL

5
Technique analysis with video

• Why use video
• Permanent record of performance
• Addressed some of the human limitations to
  observation
• Allows you to concentrate on other factors during
  training and competition
• Permits objective analysis
• Enhances feedback

6
Requirements for video analysis

• Clear field of view
• Camera location to ensure desired variables can
  be identified
• Camera stationary on a tripod
• No panning of tilting
• High shutter speed selected
• Maximize image size

7
Measurements from video

• Video works at 25 frames per second and therefore
  1 picture is produced every 0.04 s.
• Timing data can thus be gained by counting frames
  between key events.
• Angles can be measured only if the camera is
  located perpendicular to joint of interest.

8
Temporal characteristics of skeet
9
Computer based kinematic analysis

• The video image is played back through a computer
  and for each frame the locations (coordinates) of
  key joint centres and body landmarks are
  recorded.
• This process is known as digitising.
• Allows movement time plots to be created
• Many coaching tools available
• Dartfish
• Quintic
• Silicon-coach

10
Joint angle time in skeet
11
Force platforms and shooting

• Postural stability / sway
• Amount of sway
• Timing of sway
• Rate of sway
• Often in combination with opto-electronic data
  e.g. SCATT / NOPTEL
• Weight distribution
• Left / right
• Forward / backwards

12
COP Time in Skeet
13
(No Transcript)
14
Individual Characteristics

• Essential not to rely on group analyses when
  working with elite athletes.
• INTRA-shooter comparisons should be used as each
  shooter has a clear biomechanical finger-print.
• Relationship between sway and shot success has
  yet to be proven as a discriminating factor
  with-in elite shooters.
• Measurable v Important characteristics

15
Factors influencing sway

• Base of support
• Height of centre of mass
• Fatigue
• Cardiac output ?
• There is a measurable force (but small) change as
  a consequence of the acceleration of blood
  through the aorta, may influence motion of CoP.
  No evidence at this affects stability of targeting

16
Biomechanics in coaching

• Evaluation of training and competition
  performance.
• Identification of key performance
  characteristics.
• Quantification of practice effects.
• Supporting and enhancing feedback.
• Understanding demands of technique and
  relationship to common injuries.