hss1101E Determinants of Health classes'deonandan'comhss1101

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hss1101E Determinants of Healthclasses.deonanda
n.com/hss1101

• Jan 19, 2009 - Human biology Genetics

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The Teaching Assistants

• Mr Omar Anwar
• omar_anwar88_at_hotmail.com
• Ms Mai Elramly
• maielramly_at_gmail.com

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Reminder

• Monday Jan 26, there will be no class
• Instead, watch the following video at home (link
  is also on updated class outline, downloadable
  from class website)
• The Politics of Population Health, 45 minutes
• http//tinyurl.com/6v6g2b
• I will also provide a list of points to consider
  while watching the video (accessible on the class
  website)

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Supplemental Reading for Todays Lecture

• Principles of Public Health Practice
• Pages 48-49
• Accessible at http//tinyurl.com/8vr2r9

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From the reading

• The pathogenesis of most illness is now known in
  great detail, yet the causative features that
  underlie health remain largely unexplored.
• Walter Bortz

What does pathogenesis mean?
The chain of events leading to a disease.
Usually refers to biological steps (i.e., changes
in tissues)
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Disease of condition directly leading to death
Antecedent causes
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The reading

• Author identifies 3 domains for discussing
  biological determinants of health
• Genes
• External agents (pathogens)
• Internal agents (how our bodies respond)

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What Are Biological Determinants of Health?

• All microorganisms that might cause harm
• All microorganisms that might be beneficial
• Biological products that help protect against
  disease (eg, vaccines)
• Dietary nutrients

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Microorganisms

• Microorganisms can be divided into two groups

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
-no cell nucleus BACTERIA (also
something called ARCHAEA)
-have a cell nucleus FUNGI PLANTS
ANIMALS
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Whats a Cell Nucleus?
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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Whats a Bacterium?
Bacteria are treated with antibiotics
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But Then Whats a Virus?
100 times smaller than a bacterium Not a cell,
but a package or a missile containing DNA Takes
over a cell and forces it to create more
viruses Is it alive?
Viruses are treated with antivirals
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Famous Pandemics
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Fungi

• Molds, mildew, mushrooms, yeast, puffballs
• All cells have one or more nuclei, cell walls
  (like plants), but cannot make clorophyll (unlike
  plants)
• Can exude toxins
• Can consume tissue

Treated with antifungals
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Want to See Something Weird?

• Moving fungus
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3SdadVrVMK4

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Case Study Ergot Poisoning

• Ergot is a kind of mold, typically found growing
  on stale rye bread
• Exudes an alkaloid toxin that causes
  hallucination
• Maybe responsible for historical mass
  hallucinations in medieval Europe
• May have contributed to the With Trials of 12th
  century
• May have contributed to werewolf trials of 15th
  and 16th centuries (gt30,000 in France alone)

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Microscopic Animals

• These are not bacteria
• These are multicellular animals too small to be
  seen by the naked eye
• They can exude toxins or cause allergic reactions

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Prions

• A prion is a mis-folded protein that acts as an
  infectious agent
• Controversial, since many believe that prion
  diseases are actually caused by an undetected
  virus
• Most common known diseases are
• BSE (Mad Cow)
• CJD (Creutzfeld Jacob Disease)
• No known treatments

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How Might Microorganisms Be Beneficial?

• Bacteria in our intestine helps us digest food
• Accounts for 60 of fecal mass (dry)
• We get it initially through the process of birth,
  through breast feeding, eating dirt, kissing, any
  oral contact with environment
• Mites may eat dead skin and tissue
• Constant exposure to pathogens trains our immune
  system?

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Biological Products

• Vaccines
• How does a vaccine work?
• Why do we get flu vaccine in October?
• Why is flu vaccine strongly recommended by
  Ontario Ministry of Health?

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Dietary Nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Minerals/Vitamins/Micronutrients

Is it biological, cultural, environmental or
behavioural?
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Genetics

• DNA codes for innate aspects of our bodies and
  physiologies, and possibly some of our
  behavioural impulses

From the reading
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Revisit the Question from Last Class

• What are the various causes/determinants/predictor
  s/risks factors of obesity?

Genes Nutrients eaten Eating behaviour Peers Age A
ctivity level Gender?
Occupation SES Quality/quantity of food
available Government policies? Definition?
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From the reading
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Given The Previous Model
Describe influenza in Ontario
vaccine
Did you get the flu shot? Do you sneeze into
your arm?
Is your home crowded? Are you too far from a
clinic?
Exposure to people?
Old? Sick? Young?
Are the line ups too long to get your shot?