Title: Fukuyama
1Fukuyamas Trust
- The role of trust and trust networks in the
society
2Overview
- Brief review of the books of Fukuyama
- Key concepts
- Derived ideas
- Conclusions
3The End of History and the Last Man
- the end of communist and fascist dictatorships
in many countries (East and South Europe, South
America, Far East) - Hegels concept of end of history
- original state (Hegel, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau)
and social contract - foundation Jewish-Christian tradition of
egalitarianism and original personal freedom - forces
- a. the evolution and accumulation of rational
science - b. the personal pride (the thumos)
4The End of History and the Last Man
- the best is the liberal capitalism free market
individual freedom rights - the liberal capitalism
- a. allows and supports the development and
accumulation of rational science - b. channels the personal pride into
non-destructive forms and the people focus on
economic well- being - c. allows regular change and refreshment of the
social leadership - this is the end of history in the sense of Hegel.
5Trust the social virtues and the creation of
prosperity
- the neoclassical economic theory explains up to
80 extent the economic events, the rest depends
on the role of the state and of the social
organization of the society language of good and
bad - family centred societies
- a. China and the Confucianism big families
- b. South-Italy isolated small families
- c. North-Italy family networks
- d. France the family as the counter pole of
the strong state
6Trust the social virtues and the creation of
prosperity
- common characteristics (family centred
societies) a. the trust ends at the border of
the family - b. family based companies, which are usually
small - c. strong state, dream carrier state
bureaucrat - institution centred societies Japan, Germany,
US - common characteristics (institution centred
societies) - a. they have customs to extend the trust beyond
the limits of the family - b. large companies with the involvement of
non-family members at high positions - c. extensive civil society and strong bounds
between group members
7Trust the social virtues and the creation of
prosperity
- advantages of high trust
- a. lower administration costs, higher
institutional reliability - b. large and efficient organizations
- disadvantages of low trust
- a. corruption and trade with influences
- b. small and inefficient organizations
- objective reproduce the trust system of the
society
8The Great Disruption human nature and the
reconstitution of social order
- particularly well documented with statistical
tables - how to measure the social disruption
- a. criminality
- b. family disorganization
- c. reduction of trust in social/political
institutions - effects of social disruption
- a. reduced family socialization
- b. higher juvenile delinquency
- c. decreasing trust in social/political
institutions
9The Great Disruption human nature and the
reconstitution of social order
- the disruption is culture-dependent
- how to stop the disruption and restore the order
? - the humans evolved to cooperate and to organize
themselves - homo hierarchicus
- the limiting factors of spontaneous
organization - a. trust radii
- b. transparency
- c. justice / equitability
- d. long standing bad choices
10The Great Disruption human nature and the
reconstitution of social order
- what to do
- a. decentralized religion
- b. civil society networks
- c. self-regulation and self-organization to
reduce crime - effects of capitalism on the social capital
- a. destruction new technologies, freedom of
dissidence - c. construction freedom of self-organization,
free market competition - past experience moral revolutions, well-founded
modernization, integration of immigrants
11Key concepts
- Trust in individuals and institutions
- expresses the beliefs about the predictability
of actions - Economic, social and leadership efficiency
- how efficient are in handling problems,
specially problems of growth - 3. The role of the state
- to what extent should the state intervene in the
development of spontaneous economic and social
order
12Key concepts
4. The role of culture and religion the
language of good and bad 5. Family
socialization cultural value transmission if
exists 6. Delinquency and crime decreases the
trust, special attn juvenile delinquency 7. Homo
hierarchicus evolutionary determination of
humans to cooperate and organize
13Key concepts
8. The evolution of science the rational
science accumulates and fuels the social
evolution 9. Networks of interaction the
personal and institutional networks are means of
trust generation 10. Integration of
immigrants essential to solve growth problems
14Derived ideas
- Information transmission
- the behavior of individuals and organizations
transmits implicit information by the rules to
which they conform - 2. Predictive stability
- if a society is able to process the information
originating from its environment and itself and
predict the problems and their solutions it can
stay on its desired path of development - dynamic and static stability
15Derived ideas
3. Levels and circles of trust the belief about
the predictability of actions varies in steps
and each step has its associated trust radius 4.
Optimal level of trust and efficient
organizations the organization is efficient if
the overall trust level within itself and within
its connectional context is high enough
having high trust sub-networks with low
inter-network trust level can be very disturbing
16Derived ideas
5. Integration of scientific advances those
societies have higher predictive stability, which
are able to integrate fast the scientific and
specially technological advances in their
organizations 6. Simple, transparent, coherent
rules applied with consequence the cultural and
legal rules are better if they have these
qualities, otherwise their support to the
predictive stability of individuals and
organizations is reduced
17Derived ideas
7. Networks of individuals and organizations are
sources of trust their trust producing ability
depends on their rules 8. The legal
system extends the trust by the belief that the
rules of it will be respected and applied as
announced
18Derived ideas
9. Value selection of cultures critical to have
expandable trust systems and to create trust
generating organisms and mechanisms 10.
Integration of dissidents and immigrants provide
s the intra- and inter-social mobility necessary
for the growth and channels the sources of
delinquency into non-disturbing outcomes
19Conclusions
- Those societies can build efficient economy and
social organization, which have wide and
efficient trust networks, sustain and integrate
scientific development, and manage their internal
and external dissidents. - The humans evolved to form hierarchical
organizations in order to increase their
individual and group predictive stability. This
does not guarantee that they necessarily build
efficient societies. - The choice of cultural values and procedures has
a strong influence on the ability of a society to
become efficient in the sense of predictive
stability. The societies may survive for long
time without being efficient. - The regeneration of trust resources is a key
issue for the current western societies