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Fukuyama

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the end of communist and fascist dictatorships in many countries (East and South ... original state (Hegel, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau) and social contract; ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Fukuyama


1
Fukuyamas Trust
  • The role of trust and trust networks in the
    society

2
Overview
  1. Brief review of the books of Fukuyama
  2. Key concepts
  3. Derived ideas
  4. Conclusions

3
The End of History and the Last Man
  • the end of communist and fascist dictatorships
    in many countries (East and South Europe, South
    America, Far East)
  • Hegels concept of end of history
  • original state (Hegel, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau)
    and social contract
  • foundation Jewish-Christian tradition of
    egalitarianism and original personal freedom
  • forces
  • a. the evolution and accumulation of rational
    science
  • b. the personal pride (the thumos)

4
The End of History and the Last Man
  • the best is the liberal capitalism free market
    individual freedom rights
  • the liberal capitalism
  • a. allows and supports the development and
    accumulation of rational science
  • b. channels the personal pride into
    non-destructive forms and the people focus on
    economic well- being
  • c. allows regular change and refreshment of the
    social leadership
  • this is the end of history in the sense of Hegel.

5
Trust the social virtues and the creation of
prosperity
  • the neoclassical economic theory explains up to
    80 extent the economic events, the rest depends
    on the role of the state and of the social
    organization of the society language of good and
    bad
  • family centred societies
  • a. China and the Confucianism big families
  • b. South-Italy isolated small families
  • c. North-Italy family networks
  • d. France the family as the counter pole of
    the strong state

6
Trust the social virtues and the creation of
prosperity
  • common characteristics (family centred
    societies) a. the trust ends at the border of
    the family
  • b. family based companies, which are usually
    small
  • c. strong state, dream carrier state
    bureaucrat
  • institution centred societies Japan, Germany,
    US
  • common characteristics (institution centred
    societies)
  • a. they have customs to extend the trust beyond
    the limits of the family
  • b. large companies with the involvement of
    non-family members at high positions
  • c. extensive civil society and strong bounds
    between group members

7
Trust the social virtues and the creation of
prosperity
  • advantages of high trust
  • a. lower administration costs, higher
    institutional reliability
  • b. large and efficient organizations
  • disadvantages of low trust
  • a. corruption and trade with influences
  • b. small and inefficient organizations
  • objective reproduce the trust system of the
    society

8
The Great Disruption human nature and the
reconstitution of social order
  • particularly well documented with statistical
    tables
  • how to measure the social disruption
  • a. criminality
  • b. family disorganization
  • c. reduction of trust in social/political
    institutions
  • effects of social disruption
  • a. reduced family socialization
  • b. higher juvenile delinquency
  • c. decreasing trust in social/political
    institutions

9
The Great Disruption human nature and the
reconstitution of social order
  • the disruption is culture-dependent
  • how to stop the disruption and restore the order
    ?
  • the humans evolved to cooperate and to organize
    themselves
  • homo hierarchicus
  • the limiting factors of spontaneous
    organization
  • a. trust radii
  • b. transparency
  • c. justice / equitability
  • d. long standing bad choices

10
The Great Disruption human nature and the
reconstitution of social order
  • what to do
  • a. decentralized religion
  • b. civil society networks
  • c. self-regulation and self-organization to
    reduce crime
  • effects of capitalism on the social capital
  • a. destruction new technologies, freedom of
    dissidence
  • c. construction freedom of self-organization,
    free market competition
  • past experience moral revolutions, well-founded
    modernization, integration of immigrants

11
Key concepts
  • Trust in individuals and institutions
  • expresses the beliefs about the predictability
    of actions
  • Economic, social and leadership efficiency
  • how efficient are in handling problems,
    specially problems of growth
  • 3. The role of the state
  • to what extent should the state intervene in the
    development of spontaneous economic and social
    order

12
Key concepts
4. The role of culture and religion the
language of good and bad 5. Family
socialization cultural value transmission if
exists 6. Delinquency and crime decreases the
trust, special attn juvenile delinquency 7. Homo
hierarchicus evolutionary determination of
humans to cooperate and organize
13
Key concepts
8. The evolution of science the rational
science accumulates and fuels the social
evolution 9. Networks of interaction the
personal and institutional networks are means of
trust generation 10. Integration of
immigrants essential to solve growth problems
14
Derived ideas
  • Information transmission
  • the behavior of individuals and organizations
    transmits implicit information by the rules to
    which they conform
  • 2. Predictive stability
  • if a society is able to process the information
    originating from its environment and itself and
    predict the problems and their solutions it can
    stay on its desired path of development
  • dynamic and static stability

15
Derived ideas
3. Levels and circles of trust the belief about
the predictability of actions varies in steps
and each step has its associated trust radius 4.
Optimal level of trust and efficient
organizations the organization is efficient if
the overall trust level within itself and within
its connectional context is high enough
having high trust sub-networks with low
inter-network trust level can be very disturbing
16
Derived ideas
5. Integration of scientific advances those
societies have higher predictive stability, which
are able to integrate fast the scientific and
specially technological advances in their
organizations 6. Simple, transparent, coherent
rules applied with consequence the cultural and
legal rules are better if they have these
qualities, otherwise their support to the
predictive stability of individuals and
organizations is reduced
17
Derived ideas
7. Networks of individuals and organizations are
sources of trust their trust producing ability
depends on their rules 8. The legal
system extends the trust by the belief that the
rules of it will be respected and applied as
announced
18
Derived ideas
9. Value selection of cultures critical to have
expandable trust systems and to create trust
generating organisms and mechanisms 10.
Integration of dissidents and immigrants provide
s the intra- and inter-social mobility necessary
for the growth and channels the sources of
delinquency into non-disturbing outcomes
19
Conclusions
  1. Those societies can build efficient economy and
    social organization, which have wide and
    efficient trust networks, sustain and integrate
    scientific development, and manage their internal
    and external dissidents.
  2. The humans evolved to form hierarchical
    organizations in order to increase their
    individual and group predictive stability. This
    does not guarantee that they necessarily build
    efficient societies.
  3. The choice of cultural values and procedures has
    a strong influence on the ability of a society to
    become efficient in the sense of predictive
    stability. The societies may survive for long
    time without being efficient.
  4. The regeneration of trust resources is a key
    issue for the current western societies
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